Publications considered in the research synthesis
									Exclusion criteria						Inclusion criteria							DBCALL criteria					System				Study									Type			Temporality						Variables studied
	authors	year	title	doi	pub_type	source	strand		pass_exclusion_criteria	available	not_duplicate	pub_language	peer_reviewed_pub		pass_inclusion_criteria	interactions	with_system	natural_language	for_language_learning	enough_on_ds		pass_dbcall_criteria	interlocutor	interaction_unit	interaction_role		system	system_type	dialogue_type		research_type	n_tot	proficiency_level	L1	context	age	treatment_duration_weeks	treatment_duration_hours		qualitative	quantitative		during	post	prepost	delayed_post	comp_condition		linguistic_sys	sys_accuracy	linguistic_perf_user	attitude_tw_system	perc_easeofuse	perc_usefulness	engagement_usage	motivational_effects	cognitive_effects	productive_skills	speaking	writing	holistic_proficiency	complexity_voc	accuracy	fluency	receptive_skills	others_exam		reliable_ES	keyword
1	Ai et al	2014	Sprinter: language technologies for interactive and multimedia language learning		Conference paper	LREC	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Sprinter	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based language learning game
2	Anderson et al	2008	Language learning with interactive virtual agent scenarios and speech recognition: Lessons learned	10.1002/cav.265	Journal article	Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SPELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Survey study	76			university	18+				✘	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	embodied virtual agent
3	Bernstein et al	1999	Subarashii: Encounters in Japanese spoken language education		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Subarashii	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	interactive spoken language education
4	Boylan & Micarelli	1998	Learning languages as “culture” with CALL		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Conversation Rebuilding	Form-focused	Elicited		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversation rebuilding
5	Brusk et al	2007	DEAL: Dialogue management in SCXML for believable game characters		Conference paper	Conf. on Future Play	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DEAL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
6	Cho & Lee	2009	A fully-automated computer-assisted language learning courseware for beginner-level Korean language learners		Conference paper	WSEAS	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Cho]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	fully-automated CALL courseware
7	Coniam	2008	Evaluating the language resources of chatbots for their potential in English as a second language	10.1017/S0958344008000815	Journal article	ReCALL	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Cybelle, Dave ESL, Jabberwacky, Jenny, Lucy				Technical evaluation									✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
8	Coniam	2014	The linguistic accuracy of chatbots: usability from an ESL perspective	10.1515/text-2014-0018	Journal article	Text & Talk	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Dave ESL, Elbot, Eugene Goostman, Jabberwacky, Julie Tinkerbell				Technical evaluation	1								✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
9	Danilava	2013	Artificial conversational companions		Conference paper	AAAI	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Artificial Conversational Companion	Reactive	Free		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational companion
10	Danilava et al	2013	Towards computational models for a long-term interaction with an artificial conversational companion		Conference paper	AAAI	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Artificial Conversational Companion	Reactive	Free		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational companion
11	Ehsani et al	1997	Subarashii: Japanese interactive spoken language education		Conference paper	EUROSPEECH	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Subarashii	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Survey study	34								✘	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	interactive spoken language education
12	Ehsani et al	2000	An interactive dialog system for learning Japanese	10.1016/S0167-6393(99)00042-4	Journal article	Speech Communication	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Subarashii	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Survey study	47								✔	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
13	Fryer & Nakao	2009	Assessing chatbots for EFL learner use		Conference paper	JALT	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Jabberwacky	Reactive	Free		Observational study	36								✔	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
14	Hamburger & Hashim	1992	Foreign language tutoring and learning environment		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FLUENT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	immersion-style language tutoring
15	Hassani et al	2013	Architectural design and implementation of intelligent embodied conversational agents using fuzzy knowledge base	10.3233/IFS-120687	Journal article	Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		IVELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation	10	B1		university	18+				✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	embodied conversational agent
16	Hassani et al	2016	Design and implementation of an intelligent virtual environment for improving speaking and listening skills	10.1080/10494820.2013.846265	Journal article	Interactive Learning Environments	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		IVELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	10	B1		university	18+				✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘		✔	intelligent virtual environment
17	Hjalmarsson et al	2007	Dealing with DEAL: a dialogue system for conversation training		Conference paper	SIGDIAL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DEAL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
18	Jehle	1987	A free-form dialog program in Spanish		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SPANLAP	Reactive	Free		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue program
19	Jia	2003	The study of the application of a keywords-based chatbot system on the teaching of foreign languages		Preprint	arXiv	Chatbots		✘	✔	✔	en	✘		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		Observational study	1256			university					✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
20	Jia	2004	CSIEC (computer simulator in educational communication): a virtual context-adaptive chatting partner for foreign language learners		Conference paper	ICALT	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual chatting partner
21	Jia	2008	The generation of textual entailment with NLML in an intelligent dialogue system for language learning CSIEC	10.1109/NLPKE.2008.4906806	Conference paper	NLP-KE	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
22	Jia	2009	CSIEC: A computer assisted English learning chatbot based on textual knowledge and reasoning	10.1016/j.knosys.2008.09.001	Journal article	Knowledge-Based Systems	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		Observational study	1783			high school					✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
23	Jia	2009	An AI framework to teach English as a Foreign Language: CSIEC		Journal article	AI Magazine	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		Effectiveness study	1783			high school					✔	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔		✘	dialogue system
24	Jia & Chen	2008	Motivate the learners to practice English through playing with chatbot CSIEC		Conference paper	Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		Survey study	1783			high school					✔	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
25	Jia & Chen	2008	Script-based design for human-computer dialog in given scenarios for English learners		Conference paper	ICALT	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
26	Jia & Chen	2009	The further development of CSIEC project driven by application and evaluation in English education	10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00881.x	Journal article	British Journal of Educational Technology	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		Survey study	1783			high school					✔	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
27	Jia & Ruan	2008	Use chatbot CSIEC to facilitate the individual learning in English instruction: A case study		Conference paper	ITS	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		Survey study									✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
28	Jia et al	2013	Effects of an intelligent web-based English instruction system on students' academic performance	10.1111/jcal.12016	Journal article	Journal of Computer Assisted Learning	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free		Effectiveness study	452			high school					✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔		✔	dialogue simulation
29	Johnson	2007	Serious use of a serious game for language learning		Conference paper	AIED	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	89	A0		military	18+				✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	game
30	Johnson et al	2005	Serious games for language learning: how much game, how much AI?		Conference paper	AIED	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	game
31	Lee (S.) et al	2010	POSTECH approaches for dialog-based English conversation tutoring		Conference paper	APSIPA	SDS/CA		✘	✔	✘	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		POMY, Mero, Engkey				Effectiveness study	21	A1		primary school	6-11				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘		✔	dialogue-based conversation tutoring
32	Lee (S.) et al	2010	Cognitive effects of robot-assisted language learning on oral skills		Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Mero, Engkey				Effectiveness study	21	A1		primary school	6-11				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘		✔	robot-assisted language learning
33	Lee (S.) et al	2011	On the effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Language Learning	10.1017/S0958344010000273	Journal article	ReCALL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Mero, Engkey				Effectiveness study	21	A1		primary school	6-11				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘		✔	robot-assisted language learning
34	Lee (S.) et al	2012	Foreign language tutoring in oral conversations using spoken dialog systems	10.1587/transinf.E95.D.1216	Journal article	IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		POMY, Mero, Engkey				Effectiveness study	21	A1		primary school	6-11				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘		✔	spoken dialogue system
35	Lee (K.) et al	2014	POSTECH Immersive English Study (POMY): Dialog-based language learning game	10.1587/transinf.E97.D.1830	Journal article	IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		POMY	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	25	mixed		middle school	11-12				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘		✔	dialogue-based language learning game
36	Lee (K.) et al	2011	Effects of Language Learning Game on Korean Elementary School Students		Conference paper	SLaTE	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		POMY	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	10								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	dialogue-based language learning game
37	Lehuen	2000	A dialogue-based architecture for computer aided language learning		Conference paper	AAAI FS	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Sampras/Virtual Kitchen	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	5								✔	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
38	Lombardi	2012	From the curtain to the Façade: Enhancing ESL/EFL learners’ communicative competence through an interactive digital drama		Journal article	Scenario	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Façade	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	interactive digital drama
39	Lorenzo et al	2013	Language Learning in Educational Virtual Worlds - a TAM Based Assessment	10.3217/jucs-019-11-1615	Journal article	Journal of Universal Computer Science			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	human	dialogue	task		SLRoute				Survey study	35								✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
40	Lu et al	2006	Using instant messaging to provide an intelligent learning environment		Conference paper	Intelligent Tutoring Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	human+system	dialogue	task		TutorBot				System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
41	Mazur et al	2011	Proposal for a conversational English tutoring system that encourages user engagement		Conference paper	ICCE	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Mazur]	Reactive	Free		Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational language tutoring system
42	Micarelli & Boylan	1997	Conversation rebuilding: from the foreign language classroom to implementation in an intelligent tutoring system		Journal article	Computers & Education	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Conversation Rebuilding	Form-focused	Elicited		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
43	Michel & Lehuen	2002	Conception of a language learning environment based on the communicative and actional approaches		Conference paper	ITS	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Sampras/Virtual Kitchen	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
44	Morton & Jack	2005	Scenario-based spoken interaction with virtual agents	10.1080/09588220500173344	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SPELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
45	Morton & Jack	2010	Speech interactive computer-assisted language learning: a cross-cultural evaluation	10.1080/09588221.2010.493524	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SPELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	76								✔	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	speech interactive CALL
46	Morton et al	2008	Evaluation of a speech interactive CALL system		Book chapter		SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SPELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Survey study	52			high school	13-17				✘	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	speech interactive CALL
47	Morton et al	2012	Interactive language learning through speech-enabled virtual scenarios		Journal article	Advances in Human-Computer Interaction	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SPELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Survey study									✘	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	speech interactive CALL
48	Murray	1995	Lessons learned from the Athena language learning project: using natural language processing, graphics, speech processing and interactive video for communication-based language learning		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		LINGO	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	communication-based language learning
49	Noh et al	2011	POMY: a conversational virtual environment for language learning in POSTECH		Conference paper	SIGDIAL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		POMY	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	game
50	Noh et al	2012	An example-based approach to ranking multiple dialog states for flexible dialog management	10.1109/JSTSP.2012.2229692	Journal article	IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		POMY	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	40								✘	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	dialogue-based CALL
51	Ohtsuki et al	2000	Issues for applying chatter bots to foreign language learning in virtual reality		Conference paper	IMSA	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Chat Bots Mediator	Reactive	Free		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatterbot
52	Price (C.) et al	1999	L2tutor: A Mixed-Initiative Dialogue System for Improving Fluency		Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		L2tutor	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation	13								✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
53	Raux & Eskenazi	2004	Using task-oriented spoken dialogue systems for language learning: potential, practical applications and challenges		Conference paper	INSTIL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Let's Go	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
54	Reeder (K.) & Hart	2001	Edubba: Multimedia software to support academic writing in English		Journal article	Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Edubba	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual world
55	Reeder (K.)	2010	Edubba: Real-world writing tasks in a virtual world		Book chapter		SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Edubba	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual world
56	Sagae et al	2011	Conversational agents in language and culture training		Book chapter	Conversational agents and natural language interaction	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study									✔	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
57	Schoelles & Hamburger	1996	Teacher-usable exercise design tools		Conference paper	ITS	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FLUENT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	immersion-style language tutoring
58	Seneff	2006	Interactive computer aids for acquiring proficiency in Mandarin		Conference paper	ISCSLP	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
59	Seneff	2007	Web-based dialogue and translation games for spoken language learning		Conference paper	SLaTE	SDS/CA		✘	✔	✘	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
60	Seneff et al	2004	Spoken conversational interaction for language learning		Conference paper	InSTIL/ICALL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
61	Seneff et al	2007	Spoken dialogue systems for language learning		Conference paper	NAACL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
62	Sha	2009	AI-based chatterbots and spoken English teaching: a critical analysis	10.1080/09588220902920284	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Verbot, Jabberwacky, Ultra Hal				Survey study	15								✔	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatterbot
63	Si et al	2005	THESPIAN: an architecture for interactive pedagogical drama		Conference paper	AIED	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	interactive pedagogical drama
64	Underwood	1982	Simulated conversation as a CAI strategy		Journal article	Foreign Language Annals	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FAMILIA	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	simulated conversation
65	Vlugter et al	2009	Dialogue-based CALL: a case study on teaching pronouns	10.1080/09588220902778260	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Te Kaitito	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		Effectiveness study	108	A1		university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
66	Wang (N.) & Johnson	2008	The politeness effect in an intelligent foreign language tutoring system		Conference paper	ITS	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	61								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
67	Wang (C.C.) et al	2007	Task-based learning through dialogue management		Conference paper	ICCE	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Wang]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
68	Wik	2011	The virtual language teacher: Models and applications for language learning using embodied conversational agents		Dissertation		SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DEAL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	embodied conversational agent
69	Wik & Hjalmarsson	2009	Embodied conversational agents in computer assisted language learning	10.1016/j.specom.2009.05.006	Journal article	Speech Communication	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DEAL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	embodied conversational agent
70	Williams & van Compernolle	2009	The chatbot as a peer/tool for learners of French		Book chapter		Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Aghate	Reactive	Free		Observational study	104								✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
71	Wilske	2014	Form and meaning in dialog-based computer-assisted language learning		Dissertation		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Wilske2]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	33								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘		✔	dialogue-based CALL
72	Wilske & Wolska	2008	Role-plays for CALL: System architecture and resources		Conference paper	ICL	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Wilske1]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue game
73	Wilske & Wolska	2011	Meaning versus form in computer-assisted task-based language learning: a case study on the German dative		Journal article	Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Wilske2]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	30								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	dialogue-based CALL
74	Wolska & Wilske	2010	German subordinate clause word order in dialogue-based CALL		Conference paper	IMCSIT	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Wilske2]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	15								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	dialogue-based CALL
75	Wolska & Wilske	2010	Form-focused task-oriented dialogues for computer assisted language learning: A pilot study on german dative		Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Wilske2]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	22								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	dialogue system
76	Wolska & Wilske	2011	Assessing the effect of type-written form-focused dialogues on spoken language fluency		Conference paper	SLaTE	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Wilske2]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	13								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✔	dialogue system
77	Xu	2012	Language technologies in speech-enabled second language learning games: From reading to dialogue		Dissertation		SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation	12								✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	speech-enabled language learning game
78	Yang & Zapata-Rivera	2010	Interlanguage pragmatics with a pedagogical agent: the request game	10.1080/09588221.2010.520274	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Request game	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Observational study	15								✔	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
79	Yoon & Han	2004	A case study on the effects of the use of chatterbot and messenger on the productive skills of Korean EFL learners (in Korean)		Journal article	Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning	Chatbots		✘	✔	✔	kr	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		EllaZ				Effectiveness study	12								✔	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatterbot
80	Zacharski	2002	Conversational agents for language learning		Conference paper	IAAI	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Zacharski]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
81	Zacharski	2003	A discourse system for conversational characters		Conference paper	CLITP	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Zacharski]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	discourse system for conversational characters
82	Zakos & Capper	2008	CLIVE - An artificially intelligent chat robot for conversational language practice		Conference paper	SETN	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CLIVE	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Observational study	10								✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chat robot
83	Atwell et al	2000	User-guided system development in Interactive Spoken Language Education		Journal article	Natural Language Engineering	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		ISLE	Form-focused	Elicited		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	interactive spoken language education
84	Chang (C.W.) et al	2010	Exploring the possibility of using humanoid robots as instructional tools for teaching a second language in primary school		Journal article	Journal of Educational Technology & Society	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Chang]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	robot-assisted language learning
85	Chevalier	2007	Speech Interaction with Saybot, a CALL Software to Help Chinese Learners of English		Conference paper	SLaTE	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Saybot	Form-focused	Elicited		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
86	Chevalier & Cao	2008	Application and evaluation of speech technologies in language learning: experiments with the Saybot player		Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Saybot	Form-focused	Elicited		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
87	Culley et al	1986	A foreign-language adventure game: progress report on an application of AI to language instruction		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Foreign Language Adventure Game	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	game
88	da Costa Pinho et al	2013	The use of text mining to build a pedagogical agent capable of mediating synchronous online discussions in the context of foreign language learning	10.1109/FIE.2013.6684853	Conference paper	IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	human+system	dialogue	task		PASCALL				Survey study	27								✔	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
89	De Gasperis & Florio	2012	Learning to read/type a second language in a chatbot enhanced environment		Conference paper	International Workshop on Evidence-Based Technology Enhanced Learning	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Fable expert FAQ-chatbot	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
90	Delorme & Lehuen	2003	Dialog planning and domain knowledge modeled in terms of tasks and methods: a flexible framework for dialog managing		Conference paper	ISMIS	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Sampras/Virtual Kitchen	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
91	DeSmedt	1995	Herr Kommissar: an ICALL conversation simulator for intermediate German		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Her Kommissar	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversation simulator
92	Feuerman et al	1987	The CALLE Project		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALLE	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based language instruction system
93	Hamburger	1995	Tutorial tools for language learning by two-medium dialogue		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FLUENT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational ICALL system
94	Han	2012	Robot Assisted Language Learning		Journal article	Language Learning & Technology	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	robot-assisted language learning
95	Harroff	1986	Die Sprachmaschine: a microworld for language experimentation		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Die Sprachmaschine	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	microworld
96	Holland et al	1999	Preliminary tests of language learning in a speech-interactive graphics microworld		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		MILT-TXT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	6			military	18+				✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘		✘	speech-interactive microworld
97	Kaplan & Holland	1995	The application of learning theory to the design of a second language tutor		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		MILT-TXT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	simulated dialogue
98	Kruger & Hamilton	1997	RECALL: individual language tutoring through intelligent error diagnosis	10.1017/S095834400000478X	Journal article	ReCALL	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		RECALL	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
99	Levin & Evans	1995	ALICE-chan: A case study in ICALL theory and practice		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		ALICE-chan	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
100	Molla et al	1988	Artificial intelligence in a German adventure game: Spion in PROLOG		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Spion	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	game
101	Mulford	1989	Semantic processing for communicative exercises in foreign-language learning.		Journal article	Computers and the Humanities	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Foreign Language Adventure Game	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	game
102	Ogata et al	2000	Agent-mediated language-learning environment based on communicative gaps		Conference paper	ITS			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	human+system	dialogue	task		Neckle				System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	agent-mediated language-learning environment
103	Petersen	2010	Implicit corrective feedback in computer-guided interaction: does mode matter?		Dissertation		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Sasha	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	56	mixed		high school	15-18				✔	✔		✔	✘	✔	✔	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	computer-guided interaction
104	Sanders & Sanders	1995	History of an AI spy game: Spion		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Spion	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	game
105	Schoelles & Hamburger	1997	The NLP Role in Animated Conversation for CALL		Conference paper	ANLP	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FLUENT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Survey study	16								✔	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational language learning system
106	Suzuki et al	2014	Controlling switching pause using an AR agent for interactive CALL system		Conference paper	HCI	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Suzuki]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	10	B1		university	18+				✘	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	voice-interactive CALL
107	Tegos et al	2012	Using a conversational agent for promoting collaborative language learning	10.1109/iNCoS.2012.105	Conference paper	INCoS			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	human+system	dialogue	task		MentorChat				Survey study	16								✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
108	Tegos et al	2014	A configurable conversational agent to trigger students’ productive dialogue: A pilot study in the CALL domain	10.1007/s40593-013-0007-3	Journal article	International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	human+system	dialogue	task		MentorChat				Effectiveness study	30								✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
109	Yamada et al	2013	C4 (C quad): Development of the application for language learning based on social and cognitive presences		Conference paper	EUROCALL	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Mondo	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
110	Abu Shawar & Atwell	2007	Fostering language learner autonomy via adaptive conversation tutors		Conference paper	CL	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
111	Campillos Llanos	2010	Tecnologias del habla y análisis de la voz. Aplicaciones en la enseñanza de la lengua		Journal article	Diálogo de la Lengua	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	es	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
112	Cornillie et al	2013	Tools that detectives use: in search of learner-related determinants for usage of optional feedback in a written murder mystery		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DialogDungeon	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study	36								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘
113	Cucchiarini et al	2014	ASR-based CALL systems and learner speech data: new resources and opportunities for research and development in second language learning		Conference paper	LREC	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		GREET	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	ASR-based CALL
114	de Wet et al	2009	Automatic assessment of oral language proficiency and listening comprehension	10.1016/j.specom.2009.03.002	Journal article	Speech Communication	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[deWet]	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
115	Engwall	2012	Analysis of and feedback on phonetic features in pronunciation training with a virtual teacher		Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		ARTUR	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Observational study	7								✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	embodied conversational agent
116	Engwall et al	2004	Design strategies for a virtual language tutor		Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		ARTUR	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
117	Eskenazi	2009	An overview of spoken language technology for education		Journal article	Speech Communication	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Subarashii, Let's Go, SCILL				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
118	Fryer & Carpenter	2006	Bots as language learning tools		Journal article	Language Learning & Technology	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Jabberwacky	Reactive	Free		Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
119	Gamper & Knapp	2002	A review of Intelligent CALL systems		Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
120	Harless et al	1999	Virtual dialogues with native speakers: the evaluation of an interactive multimedia method		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Conversim	Form-focused	Elicited		Effectiveness study									✔	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘		✔	virtual dialogue
121	Hong (Z.W.) et al	2014	A courseware to script animated pedagogical agents in instructional material for elementary students in English education	10.1080/09588221.2012.733712	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		Animated pedagogical agent				Effectiveness study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
122	Kaplan et al	1998	The Military Language Tutor (MILT) Program: An Advanced Authoring System		Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		MILT-DSR	Form-focused	Elicited		Effectiveness study	16								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
123	Kim (Y.) et al	2006	Learning content-based English in virtual environments		Journal article	English Teaching	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		0				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
124	Micarelli & Boylan	1997	Foreign-language tutoring systems today: Old-fashioned teaching with newfangled gadgets		Journal article	Cognitive Systems	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Conversation Rebuilding	Form-focused	Elicited		Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversation rebuilding
125	Okamoto & Yano	1994	Development of an Environmental ICAI System for English Conversation Learning		Journal article	IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		English Conversation Learning	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue simulation
126	Reeder (F.)	2000	Could you repeat the question? [FLUENT language learning system]		Conference paper	AAAI FS	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FLUENT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
127	Rypa & Price (P.)	1999	VILTS: a tale of two technologies		Journal article	CALICO Journal	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		VILTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study	5								✔	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
128	Stewart & File	2007	Let's Chat: A conversational dialogue system for second language practice	10.1080/09588220701331386	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Let's Chat	Narrative	Branching		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
129	Su et al	2013	A dialogue game framework with personalized training using reinforcement learning for computer-assisted language learning		Conference paper	ICASSP	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Su]	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue game
130	Su et al	2015	A recursive dialogue game for personalized computer-aided pronunciation training	10.1109/TASLP.2014.2375572	Journal article	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Su]	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Effectiveness study	2			university					✘	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue game
131	Tanghe	2009	The use of chatterbots in the language classroom		Journal article	STEM Journal	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatterbot
132	Thaler	2008	Chatbots – schreibendes Sprechen mit Computer-Personen		Magazine article	PRAXIS Fremdsprachenunterricht			✘	✔	✔	en	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		ALICE				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
133	Wachowicz & Scott	1999	Software that listens: it's not a question of whether, it's a question of how		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TraciTalk	Form-focused	Elicited		Review									✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	speech interactive CALL
134	Walker et al	2011	Using ASR technology in language training for specific purposes: a perspective from Quebec, Canada		Journal article	CALICO Journal	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Virtual Language Patient	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Effectiveness study	5								✔	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	simulated dialogue
135	Abu Shawar & Atwell	2005	A chatbot system as a tool to animate a corpus		Journal article	ICAME Journal			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		[Abu Shawar]				Review									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
136	Araki & Takegoshi	2012	A rapid development framework for multilingual spoken dialogue systems	10.1109/COMPSAC.2012.30	Conference paper	COMPSAC			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
137	Bergmann & Macedonia	2013	A virtual agent as vocabulary trainer: iconic gestures help to improve learners’ memory performance		Conference paper	IVA			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		Billie				Effectiveness study	32								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
138	Chang (B.) et al	2012	Foreign language learning in immersive virtual environments		Conference paper	Conference on Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality	Games		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	human	dialogue	task		[ChangXVRE]				System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
139	Chang& Chen	2010	Using a humanoid robot to develop a dialogue-based interactive learning environment for elementary foreign language classrooms		Journal article	Journal of Interactive Learning Research			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✔		✘	system	item			[ChangRobot]													✔	✘		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based interactive learning environment
140	Chen & Tokuda	2003	A new template-template-enhanced ICALL system for a second language composition course		Journal article	CALICO Journal			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	dialogue	task		[Chen]				System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
141	Choi (S.) & Clark (R.)	2006	Cognitive and affective benefits of an animated pedagogical agent for learning English as a second language	10.2190/A064-U776-4208-N145	Journal article	Journal of Educational Computing Research	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding						Effectiveness study	74								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
142	Felshin	1995	The Athena language learning project NLP system: a multilingual system for conversation-based language learning		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	dialogue	task		Athena				System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
143	Gorrino & De Gasperis	2012	Virtual laboratory for the training of health workers in Italy		Book chapter				✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
144	Graesser et al	2001	Intelligent tutoring systems with conversational dialogue		Journal article	AI Magazine			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue			AutoTutor, Andes, Atlas				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
145	Griol & Callejas	2013	An architecture to develop multimodal educative applications with chatbots		Journal article	International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
146	Griol et al	2014	The Geranium System: Multimodal Conversational Agents for E-learning		Conference paper	DCAI			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue			Geranium													✘	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
147	Griol et al	2014	Developing multimodal conversational agents for an enhanced e-learning experience		Journal article	Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
148	Gupta	2009	Generating politeness for conversational systems aimed to teach English as a second language		Dissertation				✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		POLLy				Effectiveness study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational system
149	Gupta et al	2007	How rude are you?: Evaluating politeness and affect in interaction		Conference paper	ACII			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		POLLy				Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
150	Gupta et al	2008	POLLy: a conversational system that uses a shared representation to generate action and social language		Conference paper				✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		POLLy				System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational system
151	Gupta et al	2008	Using a shared representation to generate action and social language for a virtual dialogue environment		Conference paper	AAAI			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		POLLy				Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational system
152	Hong (J.H.) et al	2006	Language learning for the autonomous mental development of conversational agents		Conference paper	ICONIP			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
153	Hong (J.H.) et al	2007	Autonomous language development using dialogue-act templates and genetic programming	10.1109/TEVC.2006.890265	Journal article	IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
154	Junqua & Morin	1994	Naturalness of the interaction in multimodal applications		Conference paper	ICSLP			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		PARTNER													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
155	Kalaydjiev	2001	An intelligent pedagogical agent in CALL		Conference paper	UM	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	item	scaffolding						System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
156	Kerly et al	2008	CALMsystem: A conversational agent for learner modelling		Journal article	Knowledge-Based Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue			CALMsystem				Effectiveness study	30								✘	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
157	Kerly et al	2007	Bringing chatbots into education: Towards natural language negotiation of open learner models		Journal article	Knowledge-Based Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
158	Kerly et al	2009	Conversational agents in e-learning		Conference paper	AI			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
159	Kim (Y.)	2013	Digital peers to help children's text comprehension and perceptions		Journal article	Educational Technology & Society	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L1	✔		✘	system	item	task		ART				Effectiveness study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
160	Knott & Vlugter	2008	Multi-agent human-machine dialogue: issues in dialogue management and referring expression semantics		Journal article	Artificial Intelligence	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Te Kaitito	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		Effectiveness study	108			university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔		✘	human-machine dialogue
161	Ko	2010	The effects of pedagogical agents on listening anxiety and listening comprehension in an english as a foreign language context		Dissertation		Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding						Effectiveness study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
162	Ko	2012	An investigation of the effects of pedagogical agents on listening anxiety and listening comprehension		Journal article	Journal of the Korea English Education Society	Pedagogical agents		✘	✘	✔	kr	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding						Effectiveness study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
163	Kondo et al	2005	Detection and grammaticality judgment of forms in a language education system oriented for focus on form		Conference paper				✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✔		✘	human	item			0													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
164	Lee (S.) et al	2010	Example-based dialog system for English conversation tutoring		Journal article	Journal of KIISE : Software and Applications			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✔		✘	system	item							System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
165	Macedonia et al	2014	Intelligent virtual agents as language trainers facilitate multilingualism		Journal article	Frontiers in Psychology			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		Billie				Effectiveness study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent virtual agent
166	Massaro	2006	Embodied agents in language learning for children with language challenges		Conference paper				✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		Baldi				Observational study	9								✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	embodied agent
167	Massaro et al	2006	A multilingual embodied conversational agent for tutoring speech and language learning		Conference paper	INTERSPEECH			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		Baldi													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	embodied conversational agent
168	Omar & Rias	2013	Animated pedagogical agents to teach kindergarteners selected English vocabulary		Conference paper	BEIAC	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding						Effectiveness study	40								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
169	Repetto	2014	The use of virtual reality for language investigation and learning		Journal article	Frontiers in Psychology			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	item	task						Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
170	Robin	2007	Commentary: Learner-based listening and technological authenticity		Journal article	Language Learning & Technology			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	human	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
171	Rypa & Feuerman	1995	CALLE: an exploratory environment for foreign language learning		Book chapter				✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	item	scaffolding		CALLE	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
172	Saerbeck et al	2010	Expressive robots in education: varying the degree of social supportive behavior of a robotic tutor		Conference paper	CHI			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		iCat/RIBML				Effectiveness study	16								✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
173	Sugiura et al	2009	Bayesian learning of confidence measure function for generation of utterances and motions in object manipulation dialogue task		Conference paper	INTERSPEECH			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
174	Tegos et al	2013	MentorChat: a teacher-configurable conversational agent that promotes students’ productive talk		Book chapter	Scaling up Learning for Sustained Impact			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	human+system	dialogue	task		MentorChat													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
175	Tegos et al	2014	Conversational agents for learning: how the agent role affects student talk		Book chapter				✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	human+system	dialogue	task		MentorChat				Effectiveness study	17								✔	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
176	Tegos et al	2014	Conversational agent to promote students' productive talk: The effect of solicited vs. unsolicited agent intervention		Conference paper	ICALT			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
177	Tewari et al	2012	An analysis of the dialogic complexities in designing a question/answering based conversational agent for preschoolers	10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8_4	Conference paper	IVA			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L1	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		0				Review	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
178	Tewari et al	2013	A question-answering agent using speech driven non-linear machinima		Conference paper	IVA			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L1	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		Spot				Technical evaluation									✔	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	question-answering agent
179	Theodoridou	2009	Learning with Laura: Investigating the effects of a pedagogical agent on Spanish lexical acquisition		Dissertation		Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		Laura													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
180	Theodoridou	2011	Learning Spanish with Laura: The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent	10.1080/09523987.2011.632280	Journal article	Educational Media International	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		Laura					47								✔	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
181	Vaassen et al	2012	deLearyous: training interpersonal communication skills using unconstrained text input		Conference paper	ECGBL			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L1	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task						System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
182	van Rosmalen et al	2012	Towards a game-chatbot: Extending the interaction in serious games		Conference paper	ECGBL			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue			Emergo													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
183	Wang (N.)	2008	The politeness effect: Pedagogical agents and learning outcomes		Dissertation		Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
184	Wang (N.) et al	2005	Experimental evaluation of polite interaction tactics for pedagogical agents		Conference paper	IUI	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue							Effectiveness study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
185	Wu et al	2013	Assessing cultural awareness and linguistic competency of EFL learners in a CMC-based active learning context		Journal article	System			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	human	dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
186	Zhang	2010	Affect sensing in an affective interactive e-theatre for autistic children		Conference paper	NLP-KE			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✔		✘		dialogue																✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
187	Zue et al	1996	Multilingual human-computer interactions: from information access to language learning		Conference paper	ICSLP	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Language Tutor	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational system
188	Holden & Sykes	2011	Leveraging mobile games for place-based language learning		Journal article	International Journal of Game-Based Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Mentira	Narrative	Branching		Observational study	68								✔	✘		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	language learning game
189	Kwon et al	2015	GenieTutor: a computer assisted second-language learning system based on spoken language understanding		Conference paper	IWSDS	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		GenieTutor	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description	0								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	computer assisted second- language learning system using spoken dialog processing technology
190	Kosek & Lison	2014	An intelligent tutoring system for learning Chinese with a cognitive model of the learner		Conference paper	EUROCALL			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	item	task		[Kosek]													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
191	Strik et al	2009	Developing a CALL System for Practicing Oral Proficiency: How to Design for Speech Technology, Pedagogy and Learners		Conference paper	SLaTE	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DISCO	Form-focused	Elicited		Observational study	9								✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
192	Strik et al	2012	The DISCO ASR-based CALL system: practicing L2 oral skills and beyond.		Conference paper	LREC	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DISCO	Form-focused	Elicited		Survey study	23	A2	mixed	university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	ASR-based CALL
193	Chatterjee & Meijer	2005	DeMeCoT, the Delftse Methode Conversation Trainer		Conference paper	ACH/ALLC	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		DeMeCoT	Reactive	Free		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
194	Chiu et al	2007	A study of web-based oral activities enhanced by Automatic Speech Recognition for EFL college learning		Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CandleTalk	Form-focused	Elicited		Effectiveness study	49	mixed	nl	university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	ASR-based CALL
195	Ayedoun et al	2015	A conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the context of English as a foreign language		Conference paper	KES	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Ayedoun]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Effectiveness study	5	mixed		university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
196	Wedenborn et al	2016	The effect of a physical robot on vocabulary learning		Conference paper	IWSDS	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		[Wedenborn]				Effectiveness study	15	A0		university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
197	Johnson & Valente	2009	Tactical Language and Culture Training Systems: Using AI to Teach Foreign Languages and Cultures		Journal article	AI Magazine	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description		A0		military	18+				✔	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
198	Lee (V.)	2004	LanguageLand: a multimodal conversational spoken language learning system		Master thesis		SDS/CA		✘	✔	✔	en	✘		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		LanguageLand													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
199	Johnson et al	2004	The DARWARS tactical language training system		Conference paper	I/ITSEC	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description				military	18+				✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
200	Johnson et al	2004	Tactical language training system: Supporting the rapid acquisition of foreign language and cultural skills		Conference paper	InSTIL/ICALL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description				military	18+				✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
201	Johnson & Wu	2008	Assessing aptitude for learning with a serious game for foreign language and culture		Conference paper	ITS	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study	49	mixed		military	18+				✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
202	Johnson & Beal	2005	Iterative evaluation of a large-scale, intelligent game for language learning		Conference paper	AIED	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study	6	mixed		military	18+				✔	✘		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
203	Johnson	2009	A simulation-based approach to training operational cultural competence		Conference paper	ITS	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description				military	18+				✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
204	Beal et al	2005	Individualized feedback and simulation-based practice in the Tactical Language Training System: an experimental evaluation		Conference paper	AIED	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	21	A0		military	18+				✔	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
205	Wang (C.) & Seneff	2007	A spoken translation game for second language learning		Conference paper	AIED	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Let's Translate	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Survey study	12	mixed	mixed	laboratory	18+				✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken translation game
206	Hamburger et al	1993	Structuring two-medium dialog for learning language and other things		Conference paper		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FLUENT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
207	Kramsch et al	1985	An overview of the MIT Athena language learning project		Journal article	CALICO Journal	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		LINGO	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
208	Morton et al	2011	Attitudes to subtitle duration and the effect on user responses in speech interactive foreign language learning		Journal article	Journal of Multimedia	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SPELL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Survey study	41			high school	14-15				✔	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
209	Wang (Y.F.) et al	2017	VILLAGE-Virtual Immersive Language Learning and Gaming Environment: Immersion and presence: Virtual immersive language learning and gaming environment	10.1111/bjet.12388	Journal article	British Journal of Educational Technology	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		VILLAGE	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Survey study	80	mixed		language school	18+				✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual world
210	Lech & De Smedt	2006	Dreistadt: A language enabled MOO for language learning		Conference paper	ECAI	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Dreistadt	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	MOO
211	Sydorenko	2015	The use of computer-delivered structured tasks in pragmatic instruction: An exploratory study		Journal article	Intercultural Pragmatics	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SimCon	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Observational study	33	A2		university	18+				✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	computer-delivered structured tasks
212	Lau	2003	SLLS: An Online Conversational Spoken Language Leaming System		Master thesis		SDS/CA		✘	✔	✔	en	✘		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		SLLS													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
213	Baur et al	2015	What motivates students to use online CALL systems? A case study		Conference paper	INTED	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	49			high school	13-17				✘	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	speech-enable CALL game
214	Pollard & Yazdani	1993	A multilingual multimedia restaurant scenario		Book chapter		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		Restaurant				System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
215	Ayedoun et al	2016	Web-services based conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the EFL context	10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.219	Journal article	Journal of Information and Systems in Education	Chatbots		✘	✔	✘	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		[Ayedoun]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized											✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
216	Coniam	2004	Using language engineering programs to raise awareness of future CALL potential		Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Dave ESL	Reactive	Free		Review									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chat bot
217	Meron et al	2007	Improving the authoring of foreign language interactive lessons in the tactical language training system.		Conference paper	SLaTE	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	interactive lessons
218	Johnson	2010	Using immersive simulations to develop intercultural competence		Book chapter		SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	immersive simulation
219	Lelouche	2008	How the PILÉFACE system, dealing with pragmatics, takes cultural factors into account		Conference paper	ITS	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		PILÉFACE	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
220	Vlugter et al	2004	A human-machine dialogue system for CALL		Conference paper	InSTIL/ICALL	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Te Kaitito	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system for CALL
221	Vlugter et al	2006	Error correction using utterance disambiguation techniques		Conference paper	ALTW	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Te Kaitito	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	CALL dialogue
222	Vlugter & Knott	2006	A multi-speaker dialogue system for computer-aided language learning		Conference paper	SemDial	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Te Kaitito	Goal-oriented	Form-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system for CALL
223	Price (P.) & Rypa	1998	Speech technology and language learning: Some examples from VILTS, the Voice Interactive Language Training System		Conference paper	AATOLL	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		VILTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	voice-interactive CALL
224	Eskenazi & Hansma	1998	The Fluency pronunciation trainer		Conference paper	STiLL	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Fluency	Form-focused	Elicited		Technical evaluation									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pronunciation trainer
225	Eskenazi et al	1999	User adaptation in the Fluency pronunciation trainer		Conference paper	EUROSPEECH	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Fluency	Form-focused	Elicited		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pronunciation trainer
226	Eskenazi et al	2000	The Fluency pronunciation trainer: update and user issues		Conference paper	InSTIL/ICALL	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Fluency	Form-focused	Elicited		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pronunciation trainer
227	Eskenazi	1999	Using automatic speech processing for foreign language pronunciation tutoring: Some issues and a prototype		Conference paper	Language Learning & Technology	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Fluency	Form-focused	Elicited		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pronunciation trainer
228	Yu et al	2016	User-centred design for Chinese-oriented spoken english learning system		Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	dialogue	task						Survey study				university					✘	✘		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	oral skills development system
229	Tsai	2006	Bridging pedagogy and technology: User evaluation of pronunciation oriented CALL software		Journal article	Australasian Journal of Educational Technology	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		My ET													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
230	Tsai	2015	Computer-assisted pronunciation learning in a collaborative context: a case study in Taiwan		Journal article	Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		My ET													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
231	Chen	2004	Automatic speech recognition and oral proficiency assessment		Conference paper	ICEIA	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		My ET				Technical evaluation	88		zh	university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
232	Lee (S.) et al	2011	Grammatical error simulation for computer-assisted language learning	10.1016/j.knosys.2011.03.008	Journal article	Knowledge-Based Systems	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		POMY	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
233	Basiron	2008	Corrective feedback in dialogue-based computer assisted language learning		Conference paper	NZCSRSC	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Review									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
234	Goda et al	2014	Conversation with a chatbot before an online EFL group discussion and the effects on critical thinking		Journal article	Journal of Information and Systems in Education	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Eliza (adapted version)	Reactive	Free		Effectiveness study	67		jp	university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	chatbot
235	Dejos et al	2016	CALL-SLT: a first experiment in a real FFL training for employees of French companies		Conference paper	ICT for Language Learning	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study	10	A2	mixed	language school	18+	10			✔	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual dialogue
236	Rayner & Tsourakis	2013	Methodological issues in evaluating a spoken CALL game: Can crowdsourcing help us perform controlled experiments?		Conference paper	SLaTE	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	130	mixed	mixed	laboratory	18+	1			✘	✔		✘	✘	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken CALL game
237	Fuchs et al	2012	A scalable architecture for web deployment of spoken dialogue systems		Conference paper	LREC	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Technical evaluation									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
238	Rayner et al	2012	CALL-SLT: A Spoken CALL System based on grammar and speech recognition		Journal article	Linguistic Issues in Language Technology	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	24	A1	mixed	laboratory	18+	1	1		✘	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	spoken CALL system
239	Rayner et al	2015	Supervised learning of response grammars in a spoken CALL system		Conference paper	SLaTE	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
240	Rayner et al	2014	CALL-SLT lite: A minimal framework for building interactive speech-enabled CALL applications		Conference paper	WOCCI	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
241	Tsourakis et al	2014	Formative feedback in an interactive spoken CALL system		Conference paper	WOCCI	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Survey study	39	mixed	de	high school	13-17	4			✘	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	interactive spoken CALL
242	Baur et al	2014	Crafting interesting dialogues in an interactive spoken CALL system		Conference paper	EDULEARN	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
243	Baur et al	2013	A textbook-based serious game for practising spoken language		Conference paper	ICERI	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study	0	A1	de	middle school	9-13	1	2		✔	✘		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	serious game
244	Rayner et al	2015	Build your own speech-enabled online CALL course, no experience required		Conference paper	INTED	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
245	Bouillon et al	2011	A student-centered evaluation of a web-based spoken translation game		Conference paper	SLaTE	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		CALL-SLT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	10	B1	zh	university	18+	1	3		✘	✔		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	spoken translation game
246	Arispe	2014	What’s in a bot? L2 lexical development mediated through ICALL	10.4236/ojml.2014.41013	Journal article	Open Journal of Modern Linguistics	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		Langbot				Effectiveness study	142	mixed	en	university	18+	10			✘	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	bot
247	Kweon (O.P.) et al	2004	A Japanese dialogue-based CALL system with mispronunciation and grammar error detection		Conference paper	ICSLP	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Kweon]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation			kr						✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
248	Griol et al	2014	A multimodal conversational agent for personalized language learning	10.1007/978-3-319-07596-9_2	Book chapter	Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		Test Your English				Survey study									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
249	Wik	2006	Dialogue systems in computer assisted language learning		Student report		SDS/CA		✘	✔	✔	en	✘		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
250	Dusan & Flanagan	2002	Adaptive dialog based upon multimodal language acquisition	10.1109/ICMI.2002.1166982	Conference paper	ICMI			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
251	Aboul-Ela et al	2003	Teaching arabic for non-arabic speakers: Framework for its		Conference paper	ICEISTA			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
252	Seneff et al	2004	Second language acquisition through human computer dialogue	10.1109/CHINSL.2004.1409656	Conference paper	ISCSLP	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
253	Leach	2005	Learning French by singing in 14th-century England	10.1093/em/cah069	Journal article	Early Music			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
254	Massaro	2005	The psychology and technology of talking heads: Applications in language learning	10.1007/1-4020-3933-6_9	Book chapter	Advances in Natural Multimodal Dialogue Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘					Baldi													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
255	Dusan & Flanagan	2005	Adaptive human-computer dialogue	10.1007/1-4020-3933-6	Book chapter	Advances in Natural Multimodal Dialogue Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
256	Lee (J.) & Seneff	2006	Automatic grammar correction for second-language learners		Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation	4								✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
257	Cretu & Colibaba	2012	Equal chances through unequal opportunities: Facilitating language learning among students in medicine, nursing and nutrition through e-learning	10.5682/2066-026X-12-076	Conference paper	Leveraging Technology for Learning			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		[Cretu]				Observational study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
258	Yamasaki et al	2012	Multimodal corpus of multi-party conversations in second language		Conference paper	LREC	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based tutoring system
259	Nagai et al	2012	Sentence classification with grammatical errors and those out of scope of grammar assumption for dialogue-based CALL systems	10.1007/978-3-642-32790-2_75	Conference paper	TSD	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Nagai]	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Technical evaluation	14		jp	university	18+				✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
260	Wang (X.) et al	2014	Phoneme set design using English speech database by Japanese for dialogue-based English CALL systems		Conference paper	LREC			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
261	Wang (X.) et al	2015	Phoneme set design for speech recognition of English by Japanese	10.1587/transinf.2014EDP7168	Book chapter	IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
262	Li (M.)	2015	Analysis of college English teaching reform based on dialogism theory		Conference paper	ICSSHE			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
263	Lee (H.) et al	2015	Building a responsive teacher: how temporal contingency of gaze interaction influences word learning with virtual tutors	10.1098/rsos.140361	Journal article	Royal Society Open Science			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
264	Lee (K.) et al	2014	Grammatical error correction based on learner comprehension model in oral conversation	10.1109/SLT.2014.7078588	Conference paper	SLT	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
265	Kuwa et al	2016	Classification of utterance acceptability based on BLEU Scores for dialogue-based CALL systems	10.1007/978-3-319-45510-5_58	Conference paper	TSD	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Nagai]	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Technical evaluation			jp						✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
266	Rosenthal-von der Putten et al	2016	Robots or agents - Neither helps you more or less during second language acquisition experimental study on the effects of embodiment and type of speech output on evaluation and alignment	10.1007/978-3-319-47665-0_23	Conference paper	IVA	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Rosenthal]	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Effectiveness study	130	mixed	mixed	laboratory	18+	1	1		✘	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✘	✘		✔	artificial tutor
267	Al-wossabi	2016	A conversational analysis model for promoting practices of interactional competence in the EFL context	10.5539/ijel.v6n6p32	Journal article	International Journal of English Linguistics			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
268	Carlotto & Jaques	2016	An animated pedagogical agent on a CALL system lecturing about the English present perfect tense to Brazilian students	10.1109/ICALT.2016.15	Conference paper	ICALT	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		Patti					39		pt	university	18+				✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
269	Noh et al	2010	Script-description pair extraction from text documents of english as second language podcast		Conference paper	CSEDU	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		POMY	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
270	Lee (S.) et al	2010	Intention-based corrective feedback generation using context-aware model		Conference paper	CSEDU	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		0				Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
271	Ahmadi et al	2017	Anthropomorphism – matters or not? On agent modality and its implications for teaching English idioms and design decisions	10.1080/09588221.2017.1284132	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
272	Cook et al	2017	Hand Gesture and Mathematics Learning: Lessons From an Avatar	10.1111/cogs.12344	Journal article	Cognitive Science			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
273	Zock et al	1989	SWIM: A “natural” interface for the scientifically minded language learner	10.1007/BF02176647	Journal article	Computers and the Humanities	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		SWIM													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
274	Rypa	1992	CALLE: a computer-assisted language learning environment		Journal article	NATO ASI Series			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✘		✘					CALLE	Goal-oriented	Contextualized											✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
275	Wang (Y.F.) & Petrina	2013	Using learning analytics to understand the design of an intelligent language tutor - Chatbot Lucy	10.14569/IJACSA.2013.041117	Journal article	International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Lucy	Reactive	Free		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	chatbot
276	Weber	1986	Computer-assisted structured vocabulary learning	10.1093/llc/1.4.207	Journal article	Literary & Linguistic Computing			✘	✘	✔	de	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
277	Vaario & Seppänen	1987	Kanji-sensei: an intelligent Kanji tutoring system		Conference paper	ICJISTC			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
278	Kuijpers	1989	Strategies in developmental dialogue system		Conference paper	EUROSPEECH			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✘	✔	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
279	de Haan	1991	Learning in a human-computer dialogue		Conference paper	KMET			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✘		✘					SPELLER													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
280	Mahmood & Ferneley	2006	The use of animated agents in e-learning environments: an exploratory, interpretive case study	10.1080/09687760600668552	Journal article	ALT-J	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task						Observational study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	animated agent
281	Li (Z.H.) & Xu	2010	The research on authentication protocol in the environment of manufacturing grid	10.1109/ICEEE.2010.5661120	Conference paper	ICEEE			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
282	Bujang & Riaz	2012	M-Jako Iban: a mobile application to introduce Iban language	10.1109/SHUSER.2012.6268797	Conference paper	SHUSER			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		M-Jako Iban				Survey study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based application
283	Reategui et al	2007	The role of animated pedagogical agents in scenario-based language e-learning: a case-study		Conference paper	ICL	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding		LearningBrazilian.com				System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
284	Kim (N.Y.)	2016	Effects of Voice Chat on EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability according to Proficiency Levels	10.15702/mall.2016.19.4.63	Journal article	Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		Indigo	Reactive	Free		Effectiveness study		mixed	kr	university	18+	16	3		✘	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✔	chatbot
285	Kim (Y.) et al	2006	Pedagogical agents as learning companions: the role of agent competency and type of interaction	10.1007/s11423-006-8805-z	Journal article	Educational Technology Research and Development	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		MIMIC				Effectiveness study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
286	Kim (J.M.) et al	2009	BiLAT: a game-based environment for practicing negotiation in a cultural context		Journal article	International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		BiLAT				Effectiveness study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogical agent
287	Schoelles & Hamburger	1996	Cognitive tools for language pedagogy	10.1080/0958822960090210	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning	ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		FLUENT	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational language learning environment
288	Menzel et al	2001	Interactive pronunciation training	10.1017/S0958344001000714	Journal article	ReCALL	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		ISLE	Form-focused	Elicited		Technical evaluation									✔	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pronunciation training environment
289	Engwall et al	2006	Designing the user interface of the computer-based speech training system ARTUR based on early user tests	10.1080/01449290600636702	Journal article	Behaviour & Information Technology	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		ARTUR	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Observational study	6								✔	✘		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	speech training system
290	Kweon (O.P.) et al	2005	A grammatical error detection method for dialogue-based CALL system	10.5715/jnlp.12.4_137	Journal article	Journal of Natural Language Processing	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Kweon]	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation	13	mixed	kr						✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL
291	Rypa	1996	VILTS: The voice interactive language training system		Conference paper	CALICO	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		VILTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	voice interactive language training system
292	Baptist & Seneff	2000	Genesis-II: A versatile system for language generation in conversational system applications	-	Conference paper	ICSLP			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
293	Chandrasekaran	2004	Using language structure for adaptive multimodal language acquisition	-	Conference paper	ICMI			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
294	Ye & Young	2005	Improving the speech recognition performance of beginners in spoken conversational interaction for language learning	-	Conference paper	ECSCT	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
295	Gelbart et al	2006	SmartKom-english: From robust recognition to felicitous interaction	-	Journal article	Cognitive Technologies			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
296	Wang (C.) & Seneff	2006	High-quality speech-to-speech translation for computer-aided language learning	-	Journal article	ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
297	Radovan et al	2007	Towards a Northern Sotho talking head	10.1145/1294685.1294707	Conference paper	ICCGVRVA			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✔	✔	false	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
298	Wu (H.C.) & Seneff	2007	Reducing recognition error rate based on context relationships among dialogue turns	-	Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue system
299	Carvalho & Ferreira	2008	Real-time recognition of isolated vowels	10.1007/978-3-540-69369-7_18	Conference paper	Lecture Notes in Computer Science			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
300	Huang (Y.T.) et al	2008	An English dialogue companion system for supporting conversation practice	-	Conference paper	ICCE	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		EDC	Reactive	Free		Effectiveness study	66		zh	primary school		5	3		✔	✔		✘	✔	✔	✘	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
301	Powers et al	2008	Language teaching in a mixed reality games environment	10.1145/1389586.1389668	Conference paper	PETRA	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		PETA	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
302	Powers et al	2008	PETA - A pedagogical embodied teaching agent	10.1145/1389586.1389658	Conference paper	PETRA	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		PETA	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
303	Samtani et al	2008	Approaches to modeling conversational agents in the Tactical Language and Culture Training System (TLCTS)	-	Abstract	AAAI	SDS/CA		✘	✔	✔	en	✘		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained											✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
304	Gonzalez et al	2009	Whole body interaction for child-centered multimodal language learning	10.1145/1640377.1640381	Conference paper	WOCCI			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L1	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		Virtual Peer				System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
305	Jia	2009	An intelligent Web-based human-computer interaction system with natural language CSIEC and its integration into English instruction	10.4018/978-1-60566-166-7.ch012	Book chapter		Chatbots		✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		CSIEC	Reactive	Free											✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
306	Kondo et al	2009	Error judgment in a language education system oriented for focus on form	-	Conference paper	ICCE	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		JDT	Form-focused	Elicited		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
307	Lee (S.) & Lee (G.G.)	2009	Realistic grammar error simulation using Markov Logic	-	Conference paper	ACL-IJCNLP	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✔	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
308	Powers & Leibbrandt	2009	Rough diamonds in natural language learning	10.1007/978-3-642-02962-2_2	Conference paper	Lecture Notes in Computer Science			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
309	Dohen et al	2010	Speech and face-to-face communication - An introduction	10.1016/j.specom.2010.02.016	Journal article	Speech Communication			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✘	✔	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
310	Johnson & Sagae	2010	Adaptive agents for promoting intercultural skills	-	Conference paper	CEIJR	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	pedagogic conversational agent
311	Johnson et al	2010	Expecting the unexpected: Warehousing and analyzing data from ITS field use	10.1007/978-3-642-13437-1_68	Conference paper	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		TLCTS	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Observational study	45		en	military	18+				✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
312	Kondo et al	2010	Form-wise error detection in a FonF-based language education system	-	Conference paper	ICCE	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		JDT	Form-focused	Elicited		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
313	Liu et al	2011	Candidate generation for ASR output error correction using a Context-Dependent Syllable Cluster-based Confusion Matrix	-	Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
314	Pool et al	2011	The corpus of spoken Estonian as a source for language learning dialogues: Construction of telephone conversations [Eesti suulise keele korpus keeleõppedialoogide lähtematerjalina: Telefonivestluste koostamine]	10.5128/LV21.09	Journal article	Lahivordlusi Lahivertailuja			✘	✔	✔	et	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
315	Sano et al	2011	Dialog strategy in a FonF-based language education system: Relative necessity of a form in a task	-	Conference paper	ICCE	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		JDT	Form-focused	Elicited		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
316	Paradowski	2012	Developing embodied multisensory dialogue agents	-	Conference paper	AISB/IACAP			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
317	Xu & Seneff	2012	Improving nonnative speech understanding using context and N-best meaning fusion	10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6289037	Conference paper	ICASSP			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		SCILL	Goal-oriented	Contextualized		Technical evaluation			zh						✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue game
318	Gardent et al	2013	Weakly and strongly constrained dialogues for language learning	-	Conference paper	SIGDIAL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		IFLEG-free, IFLEG-guided				System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
319	Su et al	2013	A recursive dialogue game framework with optimal policy offering personalized computer-assisted language learning	-	Conference paper	INTERSPEECH	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Su]	Form-focused	Form-focused exercises		Technical evaluation									✘	✔		✔	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue game
320	Abrams	2014	Using film to provide a context for teaching L2 pragmatics	10.1016/j.system.2014.06.005	Journal article	System			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✘	✔	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
321	Golonka et al	2014	Technologies for foreign language learning: A review of technology types and their effectiveness	10.1080/09588221.2012.700315	Journal article	Computer Assisted Language Learning			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘					0				Review									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
322	Kovacs & Miller	2014	Smart subtitles for vocabulary learning	10.1145/2556288.2557256	Conference paper	HFCS			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✘	✘	✘	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
323	Höhn	2015	Dealing with trouble: A data-driven model of a repair type for a conversational agent	-	Conference paper	AAAI	Chatbots		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Hohn]	Reactive	Free		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	conversational agent
324	Lee et al	2015	Social appearance of virtual agent and temporal contingency effect	10.1145/2814940.2814961	Conference paper	HAI	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		PAGI				Effectiveness study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	virtual agent
325	Suendermann-Oeft et al	2015	HALEF: An open-source standard-compliant telephony-based modular spoken dialog system: A review and an outlook	10.1007/978-3-319-19291-8_5	Book chapter				✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue			HALEF				System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
326	Carlotto & Jaques	2016	The effects of animated pedagogical agents in an English-as-a-foreign-language learning environment	10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.06.001	Journal article	International Journal of Human Computer Studies	Pedagogical agents		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	scaffolding		Patti													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	animated pedagogical agent
327	Dimitrova & Brna	2016	From Interactive Open Learner Modelling to Intelligent Mentoring: STyLE-OLM and beyond	10.1007/s40593-015-0087-3	Journal article	International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	scaffolding															✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
328	Ginzburg & Poesio	2016	Grammar is a system that characterizes talk in interaction	10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01938	Journal article	Frontiers in Psychology			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✘	✔	false	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
329	Timmis	2016	Humanising coursebook dialogues	10.1080/17501229.2015.1090998	Journal article	Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✘	✔	L2	✘		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
330	Wang (X.) et al	2016	Phoneme set design considering integrated acoustic and linguistic features of second language speech	10.21437/Interspeech.2016-663	Conference paper	INTERSPEECH			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘					0													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
331	Weston	2016	Dialog-based language learning	-	Conference paper	ANIPS	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue			0				Technical evaluation									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
332	Wang (X.) et al	2017	Phoneme set design based on integrated acoustic and linguistic features for second language speech recognition	10.1587/transinf.2016EDP7207	Journal article	IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems			✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L2	✘		✘					0													✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
333	Adcock et al	2006	Teaching effective helping skills at a distance: The development of project CATHIE	-	Journal article	Quarterly Review of Distance Education			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
334	Perez Marin	2015	A procedure to engage children in the morphological and syntax analysis of pedagogic conversational agent-generated sentences to study language	10.4018/IJOPCD.2015040103	Journal article	International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design			✘	✘	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	L1	✔		✘																		✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
335	Amoia et al	2012	A serious game for second language acquisition in a virtual environment		Journal article	Journal on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		IFLEG-free, IFLEG-guided				Observational study	10								✔	✘		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	intelligent tutoring system
336	Rojas-Barahona et al	2012	An end-to-end evaluation of two situated dialog systems		Conference paper	SIGDIAL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✘	✔	✔	✔	false	✔		✘	system	dialogue	task		MP Game				Survey study									✘	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✔	✔	✘	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘
337	Belpaeme et al	2015	L2TOR-Second language tutoring using social robots		Conference paper	WER	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		L2TOR				System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	social robot
338	Kennedy et al	2016	Social robot tutoring for child second language learning		Conference paper	HRI	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✘	system	item	task		L2TOR				Effectiveness study									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	social robot
339	Höhn	2016	Data-driven repair models for text chat with language learners		Dissertation		ICALL		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		[Hohn]	Reactive	Free											✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	communicative intelligent CALL
340	Choi et al	2016	Using a dialogue system based on dialogue maps for computer assisted second language learning	10.14705/rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.546	Conference paper	EUROCALL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		GenieTutor	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue system
341	Cabral et al	2014	MILLA Multimodal Interactive Language Learning Agent	-	Conference paper	SemDial	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		MILLA	Reactive	Free		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue
342	Cabral et al	2014	MILLA Multimodal Interactive Language Learning Agent	-	Conference paper	ENTERFACE	CAPT		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		MILLA	Reactive	Free		System description									✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	spoken dialogue
343	Kwon et al	2016	Task-oriented spoken dialog system for second-language learning	10.14705/rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.568	Conference paper	EUROCALL	SDS/CA		✔	✔	✔	en	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	L2	✔		✔	system	dialogue	task		GenieTutor	Form-focused	Meaning-constrained		Survey study			kr	university					✘	✔		✔	✔	✘	✘	✘		✘	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘		✘	dialogue-based CALL