Publications considered in the research synthesis
  Exclusion criteria  Inclusion criteria  DBCALL criteria  System  Study  Type  Temporality  Variables studied 
authors year title doi pub_type source strand   pass_exclusion_criteria available not_duplicate pub_language peer_reviewed_pub   pass_inclusion_criteria interactions with_system natural_language for_language_learning enough_on_ds   pass_dbcall_criteria interlocutor interaction_unit interaction_role   system system_type dialogue_type   research_type n_tot proficiency_level L1 context age treatment_duration_weeks treatment_duration_hours   qualitative quantitative   during post prepost delayed_post comp_condition   linguistic_sys sys_accuracy linguistic_perf_user attitude_tw_system perc_easeofuse perc_usefulness engagement_usage motivational_effects cognitive_effects productive_skills speaking writing holistic_proficiency complexity_voc accuracy fluency receptive_skills others_exam   reliable_ES keyword
1 Ai et al 2014 Sprinter: language technologies for interactive and multimedia language learning Conference paper LREC SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Sprinter Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         dialogue-based language learning game
2 Anderson et al 2008 Language learning with interactive virtual agent scenarios and speech recognition: Lessons learned 10.1002/cav.265 Journal article Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 76 university 18+         embodied virtual agent
3 Bernstein et al 1999 Subarashii: Encounters in Japanese spoken language education Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Subarashii Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         interactive spoken language education
4 Boylan & Micarelli 1998 Learning languages as “culture” with CALL Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Conversation Rebuilding Form-focused Elicited   System description 0         conversation rebuilding
5 Brusk et al 2007 DEAL: Dialogue management in SCXML for believable game characters Conference paper Conf. on Future Play SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         dialogue system
6 Cho & Lee 2009 A fully-automated computer-assisted language learning courseware for beginner-level Korean language learners Conference paper WSEAS ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Cho] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         fully-automated CALL courseware
7 Coniam 2008 Evaluating the language resources of chatbots for their potential in English as a second language 10.1017/S0958344008000815 Journal article ReCALL Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Cybelle, Dave ESL, Jabberwacky, Jenny, Lucy   Technical evaluation         chatbot
8 Coniam 2014 The linguistic accuracy of chatbots: usability from an ESL perspective 10.1515/text-2014-0018 Journal article Text & Talk Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Dave ESL, Elbot, Eugene Goostman, Jabberwacky, Julie Tinkerbell   Technical evaluation 1         chatbot
9 Danilava 2013 Artificial conversational companions Conference paper AAAI Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Artificial Conversational Companion Reactive Free   System description 0         conversational companion
10 Danilava et al 2013 Towards computational models for a long-term interaction with an artificial conversational companion Conference paper AAAI Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Artificial Conversational Companion Reactive Free   System description 0         conversational companion
11 Ehsani et al 1997 Subarashii: Japanese interactive spoken language education Conference paper EUROSPEECH ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Subarashii Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 34         interactive spoken language education
12 Ehsani et al 2000 An interactive dialog system for learning Japanese 10.1016/S0167-6393(99)00042-4 Journal article Speech Communication ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Subarashii Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 47         dialogue system
13 Fryer & Nakao 2009 Assessing chatbots for EFL learner use Conference paper JALT Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Jabberwacky Reactive Free   Observational study 36         chatbot
14 Hamburger & Hashim 1992 Foreign language tutoring and learning environment Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         immersion-style language tutoring
15 Hassani et al 2013 Architectural design and implementation of intelligent embodied conversational agents using fuzzy knowledge base 10.3233/IFS-120687 Journal article Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   IVELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 10 B1 university 18+         embodied conversational agent
16 Hassani et al 2016 Design and implementation of an intelligent virtual environment for improving speaking and listening skills 10.1080/10494820.2013.846265 Journal article Interactive Learning Environments SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   IVELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 10 B1 university 18+         intelligent virtual environment
17 Hjalmarsson et al 2007 Dealing with DEAL: a dialogue system for conversation training Conference paper SIGDIAL SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         dialogue system
18 Jehle 1987 A free-form dialog program in Spanish Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   SPANLAP Reactive Free   System description 0         dialogue program
19 Jia 2003 The study of the application of a keywords-based chatbot system on the teaching of foreign languages Preprint arXiv Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Observational study 1256 university         chatbot
20 Jia 2004 CSIEC (computer simulator in educational communication): a virtual context-adaptive chatting partner for foreign language learners Conference paper ICALT Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   System description 0         virtual chatting partner
21 Jia 2008 The generation of textual entailment with NLML in an intelligent dialogue system for language learning CSIEC 10.1109/NLPKE.2008.4906806 Conference paper NLP-KE Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   System description 0         dialogue system
22 Jia 2009 CSIEC: A computer assisted English learning chatbot based on textual knowledge and reasoning 10.1016/j.knosys.2008.09.001 Journal article Knowledge-Based Systems Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Observational study 1783 high school         chatbot
23 Jia 2009 An AI framework to teach English as a Foreign Language: CSIEC Journal article AI Magazine Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Effectiveness study 1783 high school         dialogue system
24 Jia & Chen 2008 Motivate the learners to practice English through playing with chatbot CSIEC Conference paper Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Survey study 1783 high school         chatbot
25 Jia & Chen 2008 Script-based design for human-computer dialog in given scenarios for English learners Conference paper ICALT Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   System description 0         dialogue system
26 Jia & Chen 2009 The further development of CSIEC project driven by application and evaluation in English education 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00881.x Journal article British Journal of Educational Technology Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Survey study 1783 high school         dialogue system
27 Jia & Ruan 2008 Use chatbot CSIEC to facilitate the individual learning in English instruction: A case study Conference paper ITS Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Survey study         chatbot
28 Jia et al 2013 Effects of an intelligent web-based English instruction system on students' academic performance 10.1111/jcal.12016 Journal article Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Effectiveness study 452 high school         dialogue simulation
29 Johnson 2007 Serious use of a serious game for language learning Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 89 A0 military 18+         game
30 Johnson et al 2005 Serious games for language learning: how much game, how much AI? Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         game
31 Lee (S.) et al 2010 POSTECH approaches for dialog-based English conversation tutoring Conference paper APSIPA SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   POMY, Mero, Engkey   Effectiveness study 21 A1 primary school 6-11         dialogue-based conversation tutoring
32 Lee (S.) et al 2010 Cognitive effects of robot-assisted language learning on oral skills Conference paper INTERSPEECH SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Mero, Engkey   Effectiveness study 21 A1 primary school 6-11         robot-assisted language learning
33 Lee (S.) et al 2011 On the effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Language Learning 10.1017/S0958344010000273 Journal article ReCALL SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Mero, Engkey   Effectiveness study 21 A1 primary school 6-11         robot-assisted language learning
34 Lee (S.) et al 2012 Foreign language tutoring in oral conversations using spoken dialog systems 10.1587/transinf.E95.D.1216 Journal article IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   POMY, Mero, Engkey   Effectiveness study 21 A1 primary school 6-11         spoken dialogue system
35 Lee (K.) et al 2014 POSTECH Immersive English Study (POMY): Dialog-based language learning game 10.1587/transinf.E97.D.1830 Journal article IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 25 mixed middle school 11-12         dialogue-based language learning game
36 Lee (K.) et al 2011 Effects of Language Learning Game on Korean Elementary School Students Conference paper SLaTE SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 10         dialogue-based language learning game
37 Lehuen 2000 A dialogue-based architecture for computer aided language learning Conference paper AAAI FS ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Sampras/Virtual Kitchen Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 5         dialogue-based CALL
38 Lombardi 2012 From the curtain to the Façade: Enhancing ESL/EFL learners’ communicative competence through an interactive digital drama Journal article Scenario SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Façade Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         interactive digital drama
39 Lorenzo et al 2013 Language Learning in Educational Virtual Worlds - a TAM Based Assessment 10.3217/jucs-019-11-1615 Journal article Journal of Universal Computer Science   en   L2   human dialogue task   SLRoute   Survey study 35         chatbot
40 Lu et al 2006 Using instant messaging to provide an intelligent learning environment Conference paper Intelligent Tutoring Systems   en   L2   human+system dialogue task   TutorBot   System description 0         chatbot
41 Mazur et al 2011 Proposal for a conversational English tutoring system that encourages user engagement Conference paper ICCE Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Mazur] Reactive Free   Review 0         conversational language tutoring system
42 Micarelli & Boylan 1997 Conversation rebuilding: from the foreign language classroom to implementation in an intelligent tutoring system Journal article Computers & Education ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Conversation Rebuilding Form-focused Elicited   System description 0         intelligent tutoring system
43 Michel & Lehuen 2002 Conception of a language learning environment based on the communicative and actional approaches Conference paper ITS ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Sampras/Virtual Kitchen Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         virtual agent
44 Morton & Jack 2005 Scenario-based spoken interaction with virtual agents 10.1080/09588220500173344 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         virtual agent
45 Morton & Jack 2010 Speech interactive computer-assisted language learning: a cross-cultural evaluation 10.1080/09588221.2010.493524 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 76         speech interactive CALL
46 Morton et al 2008 Evaluation of a speech interactive CALL system Book chapter SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 52 high school 13-17         speech interactive CALL
47 Morton et al 2012 Interactive language learning through speech-enabled virtual scenarios Journal article Advances in Human-Computer Interaction SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study         speech interactive CALL
48 Murray 1995 Lessons learned from the Athena language learning project: using natural language processing, graphics, speech processing and interactive video for communication-based language learning Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   LINGO Goal-oriented Contextualized   Review 0         communication-based language learning
49 Noh et al 2011 POMY: a conversational virtual environment for language learning in POSTECH Conference paper SIGDIAL SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         game
50 Noh et al 2012 An example-based approach to ranking multiple dialog states for flexible dialog management 10.1109/JSTSP.2012.2229692 Journal article IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 40         dialogue-based CALL
51 Ohtsuki et al 2000 Issues for applying chatter bots to foreign language learning in virtual reality Conference paper IMSA Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Chat Bots Mediator Reactive Free   System description 0         chatterbot
52 Price (C.) et al 1999 L2tutor: A Mixed-Initiative Dialogue System for Improving Fluency Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   L2tutor Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 13         dialogue system
53 Raux & Eskenazi 2004 Using task-oriented spoken dialogue systems for language learning: potential, practical applications and challenges Conference paper INSTIL SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Let's Go Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation         spoken dialogue system
54 Reeder (K.) & Hart 2001 Edubba: Multimedia software to support academic writing in English Journal article Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Edubba Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         virtual world
55 Reeder (K.) 2010 Edubba: Real-world writing tasks in a virtual world Book chapter SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Edubba Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description         virtual world
56 Sagae et al 2011 Conversational agents in language and culture training Book chapter Conversational agents and natural language interaction SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study         conversational agent
57 Schoelles & Hamburger 1996 Teacher-usable exercise design tools Conference paper ITS ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         immersion-style language tutoring
58 Seneff 2006 Interactive computer aids for acquiring proficiency in Mandarin Conference paper ISCSLP SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         spoken dialogue system
59 Seneff 2007 Web-based dialogue and translation games for spoken language learning Conference paper SLaTE SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         spoken dialogue system
60 Seneff et al 2004 Spoken conversational interaction for language learning Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         spoken dialogue system
61 Seneff et al 2007 Spoken dialogue systems for language learning Conference paper NAACL SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         spoken dialogue system
62 Sha 2009 AI-based chatterbots and spoken English teaching: a critical analysis 10.1080/09588220902920284 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Verbot, Jabberwacky, Ultra Hal   Survey study 15         chatterbot
63 Si et al 2005 THESPIAN: an architecture for interactive pedagogical drama Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         interactive pedagogical drama
64 Underwood 1982 Simulated conversation as a CAI strategy Journal article Foreign Language Annals ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   FAMILIA Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         simulated conversation
65 Vlugter et al 2009 Dialogue-based CALL: a case study on teaching pronouns 10.1080/09588220902778260 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   Effectiveness study 108 A1 university 18+         dialogue-based CALL
66 Wang (N.) & Johnson 2008 The politeness effect in an intelligent foreign language tutoring system Conference paper ITS SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 61         pedagogical agent
67 Wang (C.C.) et al 2007 Task-based learning through dialogue management Conference paper ICCE SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Wang] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         dialogue system
68 Wik 2011 The virtual language teacher: Models and applications for language learning using embodied conversational agents Dissertation SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         embodied conversational agent
69 Wik & Hjalmarsson 2009 Embodied conversational agents in computer assisted language learning 10.1016/j.specom.2009.05.006 Journal article Speech Communication SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         embodied conversational agent
70 Williams & van Compernolle 2009 The chatbot as a peer/tool for learners of French Book chapter Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Aghate Reactive Free   Observational study 104         chatbot
71 Wilske 2014 Form and meaning in dialog-based computer-assisted language learning Dissertation ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 33         dialogue-based CALL
72 Wilske & Wolska 2008 Role-plays for CALL: System architecture and resources Conference paper ICL ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Wilske1] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description         dialogue game
73 Wilske & Wolska 2011 Meaning versus form in computer-assisted task-based language learning: a case study on the German dative Journal article Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 30         dialogue-based CALL
74 Wolska & Wilske 2010 German subordinate clause word order in dialogue-based CALL Conference paper IMCSIT ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 15         dialogue-based CALL
75 Wolska & Wilske 2010 Form-focused task-oriented dialogues for computer assisted language learning: A pilot study on german dative Conference paper INTERSPEECH ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 22         dialogue system
76 Wolska & Wilske 2011 Assessing the effect of type-written form-focused dialogues on spoken language fluency Conference paper SLaTE ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 13         dialogue system
77 Xu 2012 Language technologies in speech-enabled second language learning games: From reading to dialogue Dissertation SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 12         speech-enabled language learning game
78 Yang & Zapata-Rivera 2010 Interlanguage pragmatics with a pedagogical agent: the request game 10.1080/09588221.2010.520274 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Request game Goal-oriented Contextualized   Observational study 15         pedagogical agent
79 Yoon & Han 2004 A case study on the effects of the use of chatterbot and messenger on the productive skills of Korean EFL learners (in Korean) Journal article Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning Chatbots   kr   L2   system dialogue task   EllaZ   Effectiveness study 12         chatterbot
80 Zacharski 2002 Conversational agents for language learning Conference paper IAAI SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Zacharski] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         conversational agent
81 Zacharski 2003 A discourse system for conversational characters Conference paper CLITP SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Zacharski] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         discourse system for conversational characters
82 Zakos & Capper 2008 CLIVE - An artificially intelligent chat robot for conversational language practice Conference paper SETN Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   CLIVE Goal-oriented Contextualized   Observational study 10         chat robot
83 Atwell et al 2000 User-guided system development in Interactive Spoken Language Education Journal article Natural Language Engineering CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   ISLE Form-focused Elicited   System description 0         interactive spoken language education
84 Chang (C.W.) et al 2010 Exploring the possibility of using humanoid robots as instructional tools for teaching a second language in primary school Journal article Journal of Educational Technology & Society SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Chang] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         robot-assisted language learning
85 Chevalier 2007 Speech Interaction with Saybot, a CALL Software to Help Chinese Learners of English Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Saybot Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation         dialogue system
86 Chevalier & Cao 2008 Application and evaluation of speech technologies in language learning: experiments with the Saybot player Conference paper INTERSPEECH CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Saybot Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation         dialogue system
87 Culley et al 1986 A foreign-language adventure game: progress report on an application of AI to language instruction Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Foreign Language Adventure Game Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0         game
88 da Costa Pinho et al 2013 The use of text mining to build a pedagogical agent capable of mediating synchronous online discussions in the context of foreign language learning 10.1109/FIE.2013.6684853 Conference paper IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference Pedagogical agents   en   L2   human+system dialogue task   PASCALL   Survey study 27         pedagogical agent
89 De Gasperis & Florio 2012 Learning to read/type a second language in a chatbot enhanced environment Conference paper International Workshop on Evidence-Based Technology Enhanced Learning Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Fable expert FAQ-chatbot Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         chatbot
90 Delorme & Lehuen 2003 Dialog planning and domain knowledge modeled in terms of tasks and methods: a flexible framework for dialog managing Conference paper ISMIS ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Sampras/Virtual Kitchen Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description         dialogue system
91 DeSmedt 1995 Herr Kommissar: an ICALL conversation simulator for intermediate German Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Her Kommissar Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         conversation simulator
92 Feuerman et al 1987 The CALLE Project Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALLE Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         dialogue-based language instruction system
93 Hamburger 1995 Tutorial tools for language learning by two-medium dialogue Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         conversational ICALL system
94 Han 2012 Robot Assisted Language Learning Journal article Language Learning & Technology SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   0   Review 0         robot-assisted language learning
95 Harroff 1986 Die Sprachmaschine: a microworld for language experimentation Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Die Sprachmaschine Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0         microworld
96 Holland et al 1999 Preliminary tests of language learning in a speech-interactive graphics microworld Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   MILT-TXT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 6 military 18+         speech-interactive microworld
97 Kaplan & Holland 1995 The application of learning theory to the design of a second language tutor Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   MILT-TXT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         simulated dialogue
98 Kruger & Hamilton 1997 RECALL: individual language tutoring through intelligent error diagnosis 10.1017/S095834400000478X Journal article ReCALL ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   RECALL Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0         intelligent tutoring system
99 Levin & Evans 1995 ALICE-chan: A case study in ICALL theory and practice Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   ALICE-chan Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0        
100 Molla et al 1988 Artificial intelligence in a German adventure game: Spion in PROLOG Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Spion Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0         game
101 Mulford 1989 Semantic processing for communicative exercises in foreign-language learning. Journal article Computers and the Humanities ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Foreign Language Adventure Game Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0         game
102 Ogata et al 2000 Agent-mediated language-learning environment based on communicative gaps Conference paper ITS   en   L2   human+system dialogue task   Neckle   System description 0         agent-mediated language-learning environment
103 Petersen 2010 Implicit corrective feedback in computer-guided interaction: does mode matter? Dissertation ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Sasha Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 56 mixed high school 15-18         computer-guided interaction
104 Sanders & Sanders 1995 History of an AI spy game: Spion Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Spion Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0         game
105 Schoelles & Hamburger 1997 The NLP Role in Animated Conversation for CALL Conference paper ANLP ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 16         conversational language learning system
106 Suzuki et al 2014 Controlling switching pause using an AR agent for interactive CALL system Conference paper HCI SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Suzuki] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 10 B1 university 18+         voice-interactive CALL
107 Tegos et al 2012 Using a conversational agent for promoting collaborative language learning 10.1109/iNCoS.2012.105 Conference paper INCoS   en   L2   human+system dialogue task   MentorChat   Survey study 16         conversational agent
108 Tegos et al 2014 A configurable conversational agent to trigger students’ productive dialogue: A pilot study in the CALL domain 10.1007/s40593-013-0007-3 Journal article International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education   en   L2   human+system dialogue task   MentorChat   Effectiveness study 30         conversational agent
109 Yamada et al 2013 C4 (C quad): Development of the application for language learning based on social and cognitive presences Conference paper EUROCALL Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Mondo Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0         chatbot
110 Abu Shawar & Atwell 2007 Fostering language learner autonomy via adaptive conversation tutors Conference paper CL Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   0   Review 0         chatbot
111 Campillos Llanos 2010 Tecnologias del habla y análisis de la voz. Aplicaciones en la enseñanza de la lengua Journal article Diálogo de la Lengua ICALL   es   L2   system dialogue task   0   Review 0         dialogue system
112 Cornillie et al 2013 Tools that detectives use: in search of learner-related determinants for usage of optional feedback in a written murder mystery Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   DialogDungeon Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 36        
113 Cucchiarini et al 2014 ASR-based CALL systems and learner speech data: new resources and opportunities for research and development in second language learning Conference paper LREC CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   GREET Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0         ASR-based CALL
114 de Wet et al 2009 Automatic assessment of oral language proficiency and listening comprehension 10.1016/j.specom.2009.03.002 Journal article Speech Communication CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   [deWet] Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Technical evaluation        
115 Engwall 2012 Analysis of and feedback on phonetic features in pronunciation training with a virtual teacher Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   ARTUR Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Observational study 7         embodied conversational agent
116 Engwall et al 2004 Design strategies for a virtual language tutor Conference paper INTERSPEECH CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   ARTUR Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0        
117 Eskenazi 2009 An overview of spoken language technology for education Journal article Speech Communication CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Subarashii, Let's Go, SCILL   Review 0         spoken dialogue system
118 Fryer & Carpenter 2006 Bots as language learning tools Journal article Language Learning & Technology Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Jabberwacky Reactive Free   Review 0         chatbot
119 Gamper & Knapp 2002 A review of Intelligent CALL systems Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   0   Review 0         dialogue system
120 Harless et al 1999 Virtual dialogues with native speakers: the evaluation of an interactive multimedia method Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Conversim Form-focused Elicited   Effectiveness study         virtual dialogue
121 Hong (Z.W.) et al 2014 A courseware to script animated pedagogical agents in instructional material for elementary students in English education 10.1080/09588221.2012.733712 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   Animated pedagogical agent   Effectiveness study         pedagogical agent
122 Kaplan et al 1998 The Military Language Tutor (MILT) Program: An Advanced Authoring System Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   MILT-DSR Form-focused Elicited   Effectiveness study 16         intelligent tutoring system
123 Kim (Y.) et al 2006 Learning content-based English in virtual environments Journal article English Teaching Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system item scaffolding   0   Review 0         pedagogical agent
124 Micarelli & Boylan 1997 Foreign-language tutoring systems today: Old-fashioned teaching with newfangled gadgets Journal article Cognitive Systems ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Conversation Rebuilding Form-focused Elicited   Review 0         conversation rebuilding
125 Okamoto & Yano 1994 Development of an Environmental ICAI System for English Conversation Learning Journal article IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   English Conversation Learning Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0         dialogue simulation
126 Reeder (F.) 2000 Could you repeat the question? [FLUENT language learning system] Conference paper AAAI FS ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         intelligent tutoring system
127 Rypa & Price (P.) 1999 VILTS: a tale of two technologies Journal article CALICO Journal CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   VILTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 5         intelligent tutoring system
128 Stewart & File 2007 Let's Chat: A conversational dialogue system for second language practice 10.1080/09588220701331386 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Let's Chat Narrative Branching   System description 0         dialogue system
129 Su et al 2013 A dialogue game framework with personalized training using reinforcement learning for computer-assisted language learning Conference paper ICASSP CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Su] Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Technical evaluation         dialogue game
130 Su et al 2015 A recursive dialogue game for personalized computer-aided pronunciation training 10.1109/TASLP.2014.2375572 Journal article IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Su] Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Effectiveness study 2 university         dialogue game
131 Tanghe 2009 The use of chatterbots in the language classroom Journal article STEM Journal Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   0   Review 0         chatterbot
132 Thaler 2008 Chatbots – schreibendes Sprechen mit Computer-Personen Magazine article PRAXIS Fremdsprachenunterricht   en   L2   system dialogue task   ALICE   Review 0         chatbot
133 Wachowicz & Scott 1999 Software that listens: it's not a question of whether, it's a question of how Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   TraciTalk Form-focused Elicited   Review         speech interactive CALL
134 Walker et al 2011 Using ASR technology in language training for specific purposes: a perspective from Quebec, Canada Journal article CALICO Journal CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Virtual Language Patient Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Effectiveness study 5         simulated dialogue
135 Abu Shawar & Atwell 2005 A chatbot system as a tool to animate a corpus Journal article ICAME Journal   en   false   system dialogue task   [Abu Shawar]   Review         chatbot
136 Araki & Takegoshi 2012 A rapid development framework for multilingual spoken dialogue systems 10.1109/COMPSAC.2012.30 Conference paper COMPSAC   en   false   system dialogue task             spoken dialogue system
137 Bergmann & Macedonia 2013 A virtual agent as vocabulary trainer: iconic gestures help to improve learners’ memory performance Conference paper IVA   en   L2   system item scaffolding   Billie   Effectiveness study 32         virtual agent
138 Chang (B.) et al 2012 Foreign language learning in immersive virtual environments Conference paper Conference on Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality Games   en   L2   human dialogue task   [ChangXVRE]   System description 0        
139 Chang& Chen 2010 Using a humanoid robot to develop a dialogue-based interactive learning environment for elementary foreign language classrooms Journal article Journal of Interactive Learning Research   en   L2   system item   [ChangRobot]           dialogue-based interactive learning environment
140 Chen & Tokuda 2003 A new template-template-enhanced ICALL system for a second language composition course Journal article CALICO Journal   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Chen]   System description         dialogue system
141 Choi (S.) & Clark (R.) 2006 Cognitive and affective benefits of an animated pedagogical agent for learning English as a second language 10.2190/A064-U776-4208-N145 Journal article Journal of Educational Computing Research Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system item scaffolding     Effectiveness study 74         pedagogical agent
142 Felshin 1995 The Athena language learning project NLP system: a multilingual system for conversation-based language learning Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Athena   System description 0        
143 Gorrino & De Gasperis 2012 Virtual laboratory for the training of health workers in Italy Book chapter   en   false   dialogue             conversational agent
144 Graesser et al 2001 Intelligent tutoring systems with conversational dialogue Journal article AI Magazine   en   false   dialogue   AutoTutor, Andes, Atlas   Review 0         intelligent tutoring system
145 Griol & Callejas 2013 An architecture to develop multimodal educative applications with chatbots Journal article International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems   en   false   dialogue             chatbot
146 Griol et al 2014 The Geranium System: Multimodal Conversational Agents for E-learning Conference paper DCAI   en   false   dialogue   Geranium           conversational agent
147 Griol et al 2014 Developing multimodal conversational agents for an enhanced e-learning experience Journal article Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal   en   false   dialogue             conversational agent
148 Gupta 2009 Generating politeness for conversational systems aimed to teach English as a second language Dissertation   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   POLLy   Effectiveness study         conversational system
149 Gupta et al 2007 How rude are you?: Evaluating politeness and affect in interaction Conference paper ACII   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   POLLy   Technical evaluation         conversational agent
150 Gupta et al 2008 POLLy: a conversational system that uses a shared representation to generate action and social language Conference paper   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   POLLy   System description 0         conversational system
151 Gupta et al 2008 Using a shared representation to generate action and social language for a virtual dialogue environment Conference paper AAAI   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   POLLy   Technical evaluation         conversational system
152 Hong (J.H.) et al 2006 Language learning for the autonomous mental development of conversational agents Conference paper ICONIP   en   false   system dialogue task             conversational agent
153 Hong (J.H.) et al 2007 Autonomous language development using dialogue-act templates and genetic programming 10.1109/TEVC.2006.890265 Journal article IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation   en   false   system dialogue task            
154 Junqua & Morin 1994 Naturalness of the interaction in multimodal applications Conference paper ICSLP   en   false   system dialogue task   PARTNER          
155 Kalaydjiev 2001 An intelligent pedagogical agent in CALL Conference paper UM Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system item scaffolding     System description 0         pedagogical agent
156 Kerly et al 2008 CALMsystem: A conversational agent for learner modelling Journal article Knowledge-Based Systems   en   false   dialogue   CALMsystem   Effectiveness study 30         conversational agent
157 Kerly et al 2007 Bringing chatbots into education: Towards natural language negotiation of open learner models Journal article Knowledge-Based Systems   en   false   dialogue             chatbot
158 Kerly et al 2009 Conversational agents in e-learning Conference paper AI   en   false   dialogue             conversational agent
159 Kim (Y.) 2013 Digital peers to help children's text comprehension and perceptions Journal article Educational Technology & Society Pedagogical agents   en   L1   system item task   ART   Effectiveness study         pedagogical agent
160 Knott & Vlugter 2008 Multi-agent human-machine dialogue: issues in dialogue management and referring expression semantics Journal article Artificial Intelligence ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   Effectiveness study 108 university 18+         human-machine dialogue
161 Ko 2010 The effects of pedagogical agents on listening anxiety and listening comprehension in an english as a foreign language context Dissertation Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding     Effectiveness study         pedagogical agent
162 Ko 2012 An investigation of the effects of pedagogical agents on listening anxiety and listening comprehension Journal article Journal of the Korea English Education Society Pedagogical agents   kr   L2   system dialogue scaffolding     Effectiveness study         pedagogical agent
163 Kondo et al 2005 Detection and grammaticality judgment of forms in a language education system oriented for focus on form Conference paper   en   L2   human item   0          
164 Lee (S.) et al 2010 Example-based dialog system for English conversation tutoring Journal article Journal of KIISE : Software and Applications   en   L2   system item     System description 0         dialogue system
165 Macedonia et al 2014 Intelligent virtual agents as language trainers facilitate multilingualism Journal article Frontiers in Psychology   en   L2   system item scaffolding   Billie   Effectiveness study         intelligent virtual agent
166 Massaro 2006 Embodied agents in language learning for children with language challenges Conference paper   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   Baldi   Observational study 9         embodied agent
167 Massaro et al 2006 A multilingual embodied conversational agent for tutoring speech and language learning Conference paper INTERSPEECH   en   L2   system item task   Baldi           embodied conversational agent
168 Omar & Rias 2013 Animated pedagogical agents to teach kindergarteners selected English vocabulary Conference paper BEIAC Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system item scaffolding     Effectiveness study 40         pedagogical agent
169 Repetto 2014 The use of virtual reality for language investigation and learning Journal article Frontiers in Psychology   en   L2   system item task     Review 0         virtual agent
170 Robin 2007 Commentary: Learner-based listening and technological authenticity Journal article Language Learning & Technology   en   L2   human dialogue task            
171 Rypa & Feuerman 1995 CALLE: an exploratory environment for foreign language learning Book chapter   en   L2   system item scaffolding   CALLE Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0        
172 Saerbeck et al 2010 Expressive robots in education: varying the degree of social supportive behavior of a robotic tutor Conference paper CHI   en   L2   system item scaffolding   iCat/RIBML   Effectiveness study 16         virtual agent
173 Sugiura et al 2009 Bayesian learning of confidence measure function for generation of utterances and motions in object manipulation dialogue task Conference paper INTERSPEECH   en   false   system dialogue task            
174 Tegos et al 2013 MentorChat: a teacher-configurable conversational agent that promotes students’ productive talk Book chapter Scaling up Learning for Sustained Impact   en   false   human+system dialogue task   MentorChat           conversational agent
175 Tegos et al 2014 Conversational agents for learning: how the agent role affects student talk Book chapter   en   false   human+system dialogue task   MentorChat   Effectiveness study 17         conversational agent
176 Tegos et al 2014 Conversational agent to promote students' productive talk: The effect of solicited vs. unsolicited agent intervention Conference paper ICALT   en   false   dialogue            
177 Tewari et al 2012 An analysis of the dialogic complexities in designing a question/answering based conversational agent for preschoolers 10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8_4 Conference paper IVA   en   L1   system dialogue task   0   Review 0         conversational agent
178 Tewari et al 2013 A question-answering agent using speech driven non-linear machinima Conference paper IVA   en   L1   system dialogue task   Spot   Technical evaluation         question-answering agent
179 Theodoridou 2009 Learning with Laura: Investigating the effects of a pedagogical agent on Spanish lexical acquisition Dissertation Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system item task   Laura           pedagogical agent
180 Theodoridou 2011 Learning Spanish with Laura: The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent 10.1080/09523987.2011.632280 Journal article Educational Media International Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system item task   Laura   47         pedagogical agent
181 Vaassen et al 2012 deLearyous: training interpersonal communication skills using unconstrained text input Conference paper ECGBL   en   L1   system dialogue task     System description 0         virtual agent
182 van Rosmalen et al 2012 Towards a game-chatbot: Extending the interaction in serious games Conference paper ECGBL   en   false   dialogue   Emergo           chatbot
183 Wang (N.) 2008 The politeness effect: Pedagogical agents and learning outcomes Dissertation Pedagogical agents   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study         pedagogical agent
184 Wang (N.) et al 2005 Experimental evaluation of polite interaction tactics for pedagogical agents Conference paper IUI Pedagogical agents   en   false   dialogue     Effectiveness study         pedagogical agent
185 Wu et al 2013 Assessing cultural awareness and linguistic competency of EFL learners in a CMC-based active learning context Journal article System   en   L2   human dialogue            
186 Zhang 2010 Affect sensing in an affective interactive e-theatre for autistic children Conference paper NLP-KE   en   false   dialogue             conversational agent
187 Zue et al 1996 Multilingual human-computer interactions: from information access to language learning Conference paper ICSLP SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Language Tutor Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description         conversational system
188 Holden & Sykes 2011 Leveraging mobile games for place-based language learning Journal article International Journal of Game-Based Learning ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Mentira Narrative Branching   Observational study 68         language learning game
189 Kwon et al 2015 GenieTutor: a computer assisted second-language learning system based on spoken language understanding Conference paper IWSDS CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   GenieTutor Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0         computer assisted second- language learning system using spoken dialog processing technology
190 Kosek & Lison 2014 An intelligent tutoring system for learning Chinese with a cognitive model of the learner Conference paper EUROCALL   en   L2   system item task   [Kosek]          
191 Strik et al 2009 Developing a CALL System for Practicing Oral Proficiency: How to Design for Speech Technology, Pedagogy and Learners Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   DISCO Form-focused Elicited   Observational study 9        
192 Strik et al 2012 The DISCO ASR-based CALL system: practicing L2 oral skills and beyond. Conference paper LREC CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   DISCO Form-focused Elicited   Survey study 23 A2 mixed university 18+         ASR-based CALL
193 Chatterjee & Meijer 2005 DeMeCoT, the Delftse Methode Conversation Trainer Conference paper ACH/ALLC Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   DeMeCoT Reactive Free   System description         chatbot
194 Chiu et al 2007 A study of web-based oral activities enhanced by Automatic Speech Recognition for EFL college learning Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CandleTalk Form-focused Elicited   Effectiveness study 49 mixed nl university 18+         ASR-based CALL
195 Ayedoun et al 2015 A conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the context of English as a foreign language Conference paper KES Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Ayedoun] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 5 mixed university 18+         conversational agent
196 Wedenborn et al 2016 The effect of a physical robot on vocabulary learning Conference paper IWSDS SDS/CA   en   L2   system item scaffolding   [Wedenborn]   Effectiveness study 15 A0 university 18+        
197 Johnson & Valente 2009 Tactical Language and Culture Training Systems: Using AI to Teach Foreign Languages and Cultures Journal article AI Magazine SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description A0 military 18+        
198 Lee (V.) 2004 LanguageLand: a multimodal conversational spoken language learning system Master thesis SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   LanguageLand          
199 Johnson et al 2004 The DARWARS tactical language training system Conference paper I/ITSEC SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description military 18+        
200 Johnson et al 2004 Tactical language training system: Supporting the rapid acquisition of foreign language and cultural skills Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description military 18+        
201 Johnson & Wu 2008 Assessing aptitude for learning with a serious game for foreign language and culture Conference paper ITS SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 49 mixed military 18+        
202 Johnson & Beal 2005 Iterative evaluation of a large-scale, intelligent game for language learning Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 6 mixed military 18+        
203 Johnson 2009 A simulation-based approach to training operational cultural competence Conference paper ITS SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description military 18+        
204 Beal et al 2005 Individualized feedback and simulation-based practice in the Tactical Language Training System: an experimental evaluation Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 21 A0 military 18+        
205 Wang (C.) & Seneff 2007 A spoken translation game for second language learning Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   Let's Translate Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Survey study 12 mixed mixed laboratory 18+         spoken translation game
206 Hamburger et al 1993 Structuring two-medium dialog for learning language and other things Conference paper ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description        
207 Kramsch et al 1985 An overview of the MIT Athena language learning project Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   LINGO Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description        
208 Morton et al 2011 Attitudes to subtitle duration and the effect on user responses in speech interactive foreign language learning Journal article Journal of Multimedia SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 41 high school 14-15        
209 Wang (Y.F.) et al 2017 VILLAGE-Virtual Immersive Language Learning and Gaming Environment: Immersion and presence: Virtual immersive language learning and gaming environment 10.1111/bjet.12388 Journal article British Journal of Educational Technology Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   VILLAGE Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 80 mixed language school 18+         virtual world
210 Lech & De Smedt 2006 Dreistadt: A language enabled MOO for language learning Conference paper ECAI ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Dreistadt Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description         MOO
211 Sydorenko 2015 The use of computer-delivered structured tasks in pragmatic instruction: An exploratory study Journal article Intercultural Pragmatics ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   SimCon Goal-oriented Contextualized   Observational study 33 A2 university 18+         computer-delivered structured tasks
212 Lau 2003 SLLS: An Online Conversational Spoken Language Leaming System Master thesis SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   SLLS          
213 Baur et al 2015 What motivates students to use online CALL systems? A case study Conference paper INTED CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 49 high school 13-17         speech-enable CALL game
214 Pollard & Yazdani 1993 A multilingual multimedia restaurant scenario Book chapter ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   Restaurant   System description        
215 Ayedoun et al 2016 Web-services based conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the EFL context 10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.219 Journal article Journal of Information and Systems in Education Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   [Ayedoun] Goal-oriented Contextualized          
216 Coniam 2004 Using language engineering programs to raise awareness of future CALL potential Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Dave ESL Reactive Free   Review         chat bot
217 Meron et al 2007 Improving the authoring of foreign language interactive lessons in the tactical language training system. Conference paper SLaTE SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description         interactive lessons
218 Johnson 2010 Using immersive simulations to develop intercultural competence Book chapter SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description         immersive simulation
219 Lelouche 2008 How the PILÉFACE system, dealing with pragmatics, takes cultural factors into account Conference paper ITS ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   PILÉFACE Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description        
220 Vlugter et al 2004 A human-machine dialogue system for CALL Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description         dialogue system for CALL
221 Vlugter et al 2006 Error correction using utterance disambiguation techniques Conference paper ALTW ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description         CALL dialogue
222 Vlugter & Knott 2006 A multi-speaker dialogue system for computer-aided language learning Conference paper SemDial ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description         dialogue system for CALL
223 Price (P.) & Rypa 1998 Speech technology and language learning: Some examples from VILTS, the Voice Interactive Language Training System Conference paper AATOLL CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   VILTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description         voice-interactive CALL
224 Eskenazi & Hansma 1998 The Fluency pronunciation trainer Conference paper STiLL CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation         pronunciation trainer
225 Eskenazi et al 1999 User adaptation in the Fluency pronunciation trainer Conference paper EUROSPEECH CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   System description         pronunciation trainer
226 Eskenazi et al 2000 The Fluency pronunciation trainer: update and user issues Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   System description         pronunciation trainer
227 Eskenazi 1999 Using automatic speech processing for foreign language pronunciation tutoring: Some issues and a prototype Conference paper Language Learning & Technology CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   System description         pronunciation trainer
228 Yu et al 2016 User-centred design for Chinese-oriented spoken english learning system Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning   en   L2   system dialogue task     Survey study university         oral skills development system
229 Tsai 2006 Bridging pedagogy and technology: User evaluation of pronunciation oriented CALL software Journal article Australasian Journal of Educational Technology CAPT   en   L2   system item task   My ET          
230 Tsai 2015 Computer-assisted pronunciation learning in a collaborative context: a case study in Taiwan Journal article Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology CAPT   en   L2   system item task   My ET          
231 Chen 2004 Automatic speech recognition and oral proficiency assessment Conference paper ICEIA CAPT   en   L2   system item task   My ET   Technical evaluation 88 zh university 18+        
232 Lee (S.) et al 2011 Grammatical error simulation for computer-assisted language learning 10.1016/j.knosys.2011.03.008 Journal article Knowledge-Based Systems SDS/CA   en   L2   system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation        
233 Basiron 2008 Corrective feedback in dialogue-based computer assisted language learning Conference paper NZCSRSC ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue task   0   Review         dialogue-based CALL
234 Goda et al 2014 Conversation with a chatbot before an online EFL group discussion and the effects on critical thinking Journal article Journal of Information and Systems in Education Chatbots   en   L2   system dialogue task   Eliza (adapted version) Reactive Free   Effectiveness study 67 jp university 18+         chatbot
235 Dejos et al 2016 CALL-SLT: a first experiment in a real FFL training for employees of French companies Conference paper ICT for Language Learning CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 10 A2 mixed language school 18+ 10         virtual dialogue
236 Rayner & Tsourakis 2013 Methodological issues in evaluating a spoken CALL game: Can crowdsourcing help us perform controlled experiments? Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 130 mixed mixed laboratory 18+ 1         spoken CALL game
237 Fuchs et al 2012 A scalable architecture for web deployment of spoken dialogue systems Conference paper LREC CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Technical evaluation         spoken dialogue system
238 Rayner et al 2012 CALL-SLT: A Spoken CALL System based on grammar and speech recognition Journal article Linguistic Issues in Language Technology CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 24 A1 mixed laboratory 18+ 1 1         spoken CALL system
239 Rayner et al 2015 Supervised learning of response grammars in a spoken CALL system Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Technical evaluation        
240 Rayner et al 2014 CALL-SLT lite: A minimal framework for building interactive speech-enabled CALL applications Conference paper WOCCI CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Technical evaluation        
241 Tsourakis et al 2014 Formative feedback in an interactive spoken CALL system Conference paper WOCCI CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 39 mixed de high school 13-17 4         interactive spoken CALL
242 Baur et al 2014 Crafting interesting dialogues in an interactive spoken CALL system Conference paper EDULEARN CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description        
243 Baur et al 2013 A textbook-based serious game for practising spoken language Conference paper ICERI CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 0 A1 de middle school 9-13 1 2         serious game
244 Rayner et al 2015 Build your own speech-enabled online CALL course, no experience required Conference paper INTED CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description        
245 Bouillon et al 2011 A student-centered evaluation of a web-based spoken translation game Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   en   L2   system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 10 B1 zh university 18+ 1 3         spoken translation game
246 Arispe 2014 What’s in a bot? L2 lexical development mediated through ICALL 10.4236/ojml.2014.41013 Journal article Open Journal of Modern Linguistics ICALL   en   L2   system dialogue scaffolding   Langbot   Effectiveness study 142 mixed en university 18+ 10