Publications passing the dialogue-based CALL criteria
  Exclusion criteria   Inclusion criteria   DBCALL criteria   System   Study   Type   Temporality   Variables studied  
authors year title doi pub_type source strand   pass_exclusion_criteria available not_duplicate pub_language peer_reviewed_pub   pass_inclusion_criteria interactions with_system natural_language for_language_learning enough_on_ds   pass_dbcall_criteria interlocutor interaction_unit interaction_role   system system_type dialogue_type   research_type n_tot proficiency_level L1 context age treatment_duration_weeks treatment_duration_hours   qualitative quantitative   during post prepost delayed_post comp_condition   linguistic_sys sys_accuracy linguistic_perf_user attitude_tw_system perc_easeofuse perc_usefulness engagement_usage motivational_effects cognitive_effects productive_skills speaking writing holistic_proficiency complexity_voc accuracy fluency receptive_skills others_exam   reliable_ES keyword
1 Abu Shawar & Atwell 2007 Fostering language learner autonomy via adaptive conversation tutors Conference paper CL Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
2 Ai et al 2014 Sprinter: language technologies for interactive and multimedia language learning Conference paper LREC SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Sprinter Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based language learning game
3 Amoia et al 2012 A serious game for second language acquisition in a virtual environment Journal article Journal on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   IFLEG-free, IFLEG-guided   Observational study 10   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ intelligent tutoring system
4 Anderson et al 2008 Language learning with interactive virtual agent scenarios and speech recognition: Lessons learned 10.1002/cav.265 Journal article Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 76 university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ embodied virtual agent
5 Atwell et al 2000 User-guided system development in Interactive Spoken Language Education Journal article Natural Language Engineering CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   ISLE Form-focused Elicited   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ interactive spoken language education
6 Ayedoun et al 2015 A conversational agent to encourage willingness to communicate in the context of English as a foreign language Conference paper KES Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Ayedoun] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 5 mixed university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational agent
7 Basiron 2008 Corrective feedback in dialogue-based computer assisted language learning Conference paper NZCSRSC ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Review   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
8 Baur et al 2013 A textbook-based serious game for practising spoken language Conference paper ICERI CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 0 A1 de middle school 9-13 1 2   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ serious game
9 Baur et al 2014 Crafting interesting dialogues in an interactive spoken CALL system Conference paper EDULEARN CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
10 Baur et al 2015 What motivates students to use online CALL systems? A case study Conference paper INTED CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 49 high school 13-17   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech-enable CALL game
11 Beal et al 2005 Individualized feedback and simulation-based practice in the Tactical Language Training System: an experimental evaluation Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 21 A0 military 18+   ✔ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
12 Bernstein et al 1999 Subarashii: Encounters in Japanese spoken language education Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Subarashii Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ interactive spoken language education
13 Bouillon et al 2011 A student-centered evaluation of a web-based spoken translation game Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 10 B1 zh university 18+ 1 3   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ spoken translation game
14 Boylan & Micarelli 1998 Learning languages as “culture” with CALL Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Conversation Rebuilding Form-focused Elicited   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversation rebuilding
15 Brusk et al 2007 DEAL: Dialogue management in SCXML for believable game characters Conference paper Conf. on Future Play SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
16 Cabral et al 2014 MILLA Multimodal Interactive Language Learning Agent - Conference paper ENTERFACE CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   MILLA Reactive Free   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue
17 Cabral et al 2014 MILLA Multimodal Interactive Language Learning Agent - Conference paper SemDial CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   MILLA Reactive Free   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue
18 Campillos Llanos 2010 Tecnologias del habla y análisis de la voz. Aplicaciones en la enseñanza de la lengua Journal article Diálogo de la Lengua ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ es ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
19 Chang (C.W.) et al 2010 Exploring the possibility of using humanoid robots as instructional tools for teaching a second language in primary school Journal article Journal of Educational Technology & Society SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Chang] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ robot-assisted language learning
20 Chatterjee & Meijer 2005 DeMeCoT, the Delftse Methode Conversation Trainer Conference paper ACH/ALLC Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DeMeCoT Reactive Free   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
21 Chevalier & Cao 2008 Application and evaluation of speech technologies in language learning: experiments with the Saybot player Conference paper INTERSPEECH CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Saybot Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
22 Chevalier 2007 Speech Interaction with Saybot, a CALL Software to Help Chinese Learners of English Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Saybot Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
23 Chiu et al 2007 A study of web-based oral activities enhanced by Automatic Speech Recognition for EFL college learning Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CandleTalk Form-focused Elicited   Effectiveness study 49 mixed nl university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ ASR-based CALL
24 Cho & Lee 2009 A fully-automated computer-assisted language learning courseware for beginner-level Korean language learners Conference paper WSEAS ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Cho] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ fully-automated CALL courseware
25 Choi et al 2016 Using a dialogue system based on dialogue maps for computer assisted second language learning 10.14705/rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.546 Conference paper EUROCALL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   GenieTutor Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
26 Coniam 2004 Using language engineering programs to raise awareness of future CALL potential Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Dave ESL Reactive Free   Review   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chat bot
27 Coniam 2008 Evaluating the language resources of chatbots for their potential in English as a second language 10.1017/S0958344008000815 Journal article ReCALL Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Cybelle, Dave ESL, Jabberwacky, Jenny, Lucy Reactive   Technical evaluation   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
28 Coniam 2014 The linguistic accuracy of chatbots: usability from an ESL perspective 10.1515/text-2014-0018 Journal article Text & Talk Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Dave ESL, Elbot, Eugene Goostman, Jabberwacky, Julie Tinkerbell Reactive   Technical evaluation 1   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
29 Cornillie et al 2013 Tools that detectives use: in search of learner-related determinants for usage of optional feedback in a written murder mystery Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DialogDungeon Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 36   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
30 Cucchiarini et al 2014 ASR-based CALL systems and learner speech data: new resources and opportunities for research and development in second language learning Conference paper LREC CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   GREET Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ASR-based CALL
31 Culley et al 1986 A foreign-language adventure game: progress report on an application of AI to language instruction Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Foreign Language Adventure Game Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ game
32 Danilava 2013 Artificial conversational companions Conference paper AAAI Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Artificial Conversational Companion Reactive Free   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational companion
33 Danilava et al 2013 Towards computational models for a long-term interaction with an artificial conversational companion Conference paper AAAI Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Artificial Conversational Companion Reactive Free   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational companion
34 De Gasperis & Florio 2012 Learning to read/type a second language in a chatbot enhanced environment Conference paper International Workshop on Evidence-Based Technology Enhanced Learning Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Fable expert FAQ-chatbot Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
35 de Wet et al 2009 Automatic assessment of oral language proficiency and listening comprehension 10.1016/j.specom.2009.03.002 Journal article Speech Communication CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [deWet] Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
36 Dejos et al 2016 CALL-SLT: a first experiment in a real FFL training for employees of French companies Conference paper ICT for Language Learning CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 10 A2 mixed language school 18+ 10   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ virtual dialogue
37 Delorme & Lehuen 2003 Dialog planning and domain knowledge modeled in terms of tasks and methods: a flexible framework for dialog managing Conference paper ISMIS ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Sampras/Virtual Kitchen Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
38 DeSmedt 1995 Herr Kommissar: an ICALL conversation simulator for intermediate German Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Her Kommissar Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversation simulator
39 Ehsani et al 1997 Subarashii: Japanese interactive spoken language education Conference paper EUROSPEECH ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Subarashii Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 34   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ interactive spoken language education
40 Ehsani et al 2000 An interactive dialog system for learning Japanese 10.1016/S0167-6393(99)00042-4 Journal article Speech Communication ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Subarashii Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 47   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
41 Engwall 2012 Analysis of and feedback on phonetic features in pronunciation training with a virtual teacher Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   ARTUR Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Observational study 7   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ embodied conversational agent
42 Engwall et al 2004 Design strategies for a virtual language tutor Conference paper INTERSPEECH CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   ARTUR Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
43 Engwall et al 2006 Designing the user interface of the computer-based speech training system ARTUR based on early user tests 10.1080/01449290600636702 Journal article Behaviour & Information Technology CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   ARTUR Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Observational study 6   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech training system
44 Eskenazi & Hansma 1998 The Fluency pronunciation trainer Conference paper STiLL CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pronunciation trainer
45 Eskenazi 1999 Using automatic speech processing for foreign language pronunciation tutoring: Some issues and a prototype Conference paper Language Learning & Technology CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pronunciation trainer
46 Eskenazi 2009 An overview of spoken language technology for education Journal article Speech Communication CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Subarashii, Let's Go, SCILL Goal-oriented   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue system
47 Eskenazi et al 1999 User adaptation in the Fluency pronunciation trainer Conference paper EUROSPEECH CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pronunciation trainer
48 Eskenazi et al 2000 The Fluency pronunciation trainer: update and user issues Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Fluency Form-focused Elicited   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pronunciation trainer
49 Feuerman et al 1987 The CALLE Project Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALLE Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based language instruction system
50 Fryer & Carpenter 2006 Bots as language learning tools Journal article Language Learning & Technology Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Jabberwacky Reactive Free   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
51 Fryer & Nakao 2009 Assessing chatbots for EFL learner use Conference paper JALT Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Jabberwacky Reactive Free   Observational study 36   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
52 Gamper & Knapp 2002 A review of Intelligent CALL systems Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
53 Gardent et al 2013 Weakly and strongly constrained dialogues for language learning - Conference paper SIGDIAL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   IFLEG-free, IFLEG-guided   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
54 Goda et al 2014 Conversation with a chatbot before an online EFL group discussion and the effects on critical thinking Journal article Journal of Information and Systems in Education Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Eliza (adapted version) Reactive Free   Effectiveness study 67 jp university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ chatbot
55 Hamburger & Hashim 1992 Foreign language tutoring and learning environment Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ immersion-style language tutoring
56 Hamburger 1995 Tutorial tools for language learning by two-medium dialogue Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational ICALL system
57 Hamburger et al 1993 Structuring two-medium dialog for learning language and other things Conference paper ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
58 Han 2012 Robot Assisted Language Learning Journal article Language Learning & Technology SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ robot-assisted language learning
59 Harless et al 1999 Virtual dialogues with native speakers: the evaluation of an interactive multimedia method Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Conversim Form-focused Elicited   Effectiveness study   ✔ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘   ✔ virtual dialogue
60 Harroff 1986 Die Sprachmaschine: a microworld for language experimentation Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Die Sprachmaschine Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ microworld
61 Hassani et al 2013 Architectural design and implementation of intelligent embodied conversational agents using fuzzy knowledge base 10.3233/IFS-120687 Journal article Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   IVELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 10 B1 university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ embodied conversational agent
62 Hassani et al 2016 Design and implementation of an intelligent virtual environment for improving speaking and listening skills 10.1080/10494820.2013.846265 Journal article Interactive Learning Environments SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   IVELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 10 B1 university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✔ intelligent virtual environment
63 Hjalmarsson et al 2007 Dealing with DEAL: a dialogue system for conversation training Conference paper SIGDIAL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
64 Höhn 2015 Dealing with trouble: A data-driven model of a repair type for a conversational agent - Conference paper AAAI Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Hohn] Reactive Free   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational agent
65 Höhn 2016 Data-driven repair models for text chat with language learners Dissertation ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Hohn] Reactive Free     ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ communicative intelligent CALL
66 Holden & Sykes 2011 Leveraging mobile games for place-based language learning Journal article International Journal of Game-Based Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Mentira Narrative Branching   Observational study 68   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ language learning game
67 Holland et al 1999 Preliminary tests of language learning in a speech-interactive graphics microworld Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   MILT-TXT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 6 military 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech-interactive microworld
68 Huang (Y.T.) et al 2008 An English dialogue companion system for supporting conversation practice - Conference paper ICCE Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   EDC Reactive Free   Effectiveness study 66 zh primary school 5 3   ✔ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
69 Jehle 1987 A free-form dialog program in Spanish Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SPANLAP Reactive Free   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue program
70 Jia & Chen 2008 Motivate the learners to practice English through playing with chatbot CSIEC Conference paper Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Survey study 1783 high school   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
71 Jia & Chen 2008 Script-based design for human-computer dialog in given scenarios for English learners Conference paper ICALT Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
72 Jia & Chen 2009 The further development of CSIEC project driven by application and evaluation in English education 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00881.x Journal article British Journal of Educational Technology Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Survey study 1783 high school   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
73 Jia & Ruan 2008 Use chatbot CSIEC to facilitate the individual learning in English instruction: A case study Conference paper ITS Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Survey study   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
74 Jia 2004 CSIEC (computer simulator in educational communication): a virtual context-adaptive chatting partner for foreign language learners Conference paper ICALT Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ virtual chatting partner
75 Jia 2008 The generation of textual entailment with NLML in an intelligent dialogue system for language learning CSIEC 10.1109/NLPKE.2008.4906806 Conference paper NLP-KE Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
76 Jia 2009 CSIEC: A computer assisted English learning chatbot based on textual knowledge and reasoning 10.1016/j.knosys.2008.09.001 Journal article Knowledge-Based Systems Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Observational study 1783 high school   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
77 Jia 2009 An AI framework to teach English as a Foreign Language: CSIEC Journal article AI Magazine Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Effectiveness study 1783 high school   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ dialogue system
78 Jia et al 2013 Effects of an intelligent web-based English instruction system on students' academic performance 10.1111/jcal.12016 Journal article Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CSIEC Reactive Free   Effectiveness study 452 high school   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✔ dialogue simulation
79 Johnson & Beal 2005 Iterative evaluation of a large-scale, intelligent game for language learning Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 6 mixed military 18+   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
80 Johnson & Sagae 2010 Adaptive agents for promoting intercultural skills - Conference paper CEIJR SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pedagogic conversational agent
81 Johnson & Valente 2009 Tactical Language and Culture Training Systems: Using AI to Teach Foreign Languages and Cultures Journal article AI Magazine SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description A0 military 18+   ✔ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
82 Johnson & Wu 2008 Assessing aptitude for learning with a serious game for foreign language and culture Conference paper ITS SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 49 mixed military 18+   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
83 Johnson 2007 Serious use of a serious game for language learning Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 89 A0 military 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ game
84 Johnson 2009 A simulation-based approach to training operational cultural competence Conference paper ITS SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description military 18+   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
85 Johnson 2010 Using immersive simulations to develop intercultural competence Book chapter SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ immersive simulation
86 Johnson et al 2004 The DARWARS tactical language training system Conference paper I/ITSEC SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description military 18+   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
87 Johnson et al 2004 Tactical language training system: Supporting the rapid acquisition of foreign language and cultural skills Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description military 18+   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
88 Johnson et al 2005 Serious games for language learning: how much game, how much AI? Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ game
89 Johnson et al 2010 Expecting the unexpected: Warehousing and analyzing data from ITS field use 10.1007/978-3-642-13437-1_68 Conference paper Lecture Notes in Computer Science SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 45 en military 18+   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ intelligent tutoring system
90 Kaplan & Holland 1995 The application of learning theory to the design of a second language tutor Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   MILT-TXT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ simulated dialogue
91 Kaplan et al 1998 The Military Language Tutor (MILT) Program: An Advanced Authoring System Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   MILT-DSR Form-focused Elicited   Effectiveness study 16   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ intelligent tutoring system
92 Kim (N.Y.) 2016 Effects of Voice Chat on EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability according to Proficiency Levels 10.15702/mall.2016.19.4.63 Journal article Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Indigo Reactive Free   Effectiveness study mixed kr university 18+ 16 3   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ chatbot
93 Knott & Vlugter 2008 Multi-agent human-machine dialogue: issues in dialogue management and referring expression semantics Journal article Artificial Intelligence ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   Effectiveness study 108 university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ human-machine dialogue
94 Kondo et al 2009 Error judgment in a language education system oriented for focus on form - Conference paper ICCE SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   JDT Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
95 Kondo et al 2010 Form-wise error detection in a FonF-based language education system - Conference paper ICCE SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   JDT Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
96 Kramsch et al 1985 An overview of the MIT Athena language learning project Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   LINGO Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
97 Kruger & Hamilton 1997 RECALL: individual language tutoring through intelligent error diagnosis 10.1017/S095834400000478X Journal article ReCALL ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   RECALL Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ intelligent tutoring system
98 Kuwa et al 2016 Classification of utterance acceptability based on BLEU Scores for dialogue-based CALL systems 10.1007/978-3-319-45510-5_58 Conference paper TSD SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Nagai] Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Technical evaluation jp   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
99 Kweon (O.P.) et al 2004 A Japanese dialogue-based CALL system with mispronunciation and grammar error detection Conference paper ICSLP SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Kweon] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation kr   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
100 Kweon (O.P.) et al 2005 A grammatical error detection method for dialogue-based CALL system 10.5715/jnlp.12.4_137 Journal article Journal of Natural Language Processing SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Kweon] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 13 mixed kr   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
101 Kwon et al 2015 GenieTutor: a computer assisted second-language learning system based on spoken language understanding Conference paper IWSDS CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   GenieTutor Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ computer assisted second- language learning system using spoken dialog processing technology
102 Kwon et al 2016 Task-oriented spoken dialog system for second-language learning 10.14705/rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.568 Conference paper EUROCALL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   GenieTutor Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study kr university   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
103 Lech & De Smedt 2006 Dreistadt: A language enabled MOO for language learning Conference paper ECAI ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Dreistadt Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ MOO
104 Lee (J.) & Seneff 2006 Automatic grammar correction for second-language learners Conference paper INTERSPEECH SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 4   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
105 Lee (S.) et al 2010 Intention-based corrective feedback generation using context-aware model Conference paper CSEDU SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
106 Lee (S.) et al 2010 Cognitive effects of robot-assisted language learning on oral skills Conference paper INTERSPEECH SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Mero, Engkey Goal-oriented   Effectiveness study 21 A1 primary school 6-11   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘   ✔ robot-assisted language learning
107 Lee (S.) et al 2011 Grammatical error simulation for computer-assisted language learning 10.1016/j.knosys.2011.03.008 Journal article Knowledge-Based Systems SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
108 Lee (S.) et al 2011 On the effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Language Learning 10.1017/S0958344010000273 Journal article ReCALL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Mero, Engkey Goal-oriented   Effectiveness study 21 A1 primary school 6-11   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘   ✔ robot-assisted language learning
109 Lee (K.) et al 2011 Effects of Language Learning Game on Korean Elementary School Students Conference paper SLaTE SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 10   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue-based language learning game
110 Lee (S.) et al 2012 Foreign language tutoring in oral conversations using spoken dialog systems 10.1587/transinf.E95.D.1216 Journal article IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   POMY, Mero, Engkey Goal-oriented   Effectiveness study 21 A1 primary school 6-11   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘   ✔ spoken dialogue system
111 Lee (K.) et al 2014 POSTECH Immersive English Study (POMY): Dialog-based language learning game 10.1587/transinf.E97.D.1830 Journal article IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 25 mixed middle school 11-12   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue-based language learning game
112 Lehuen 2000 A dialogue-based architecture for computer aided language learning Conference paper AAAI FS ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Sampras/Virtual Kitchen Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 5   ✔ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
113 Lelouche 2008 How the PILÉFACE system, dealing with pragmatics, takes cultural factors into account Conference paper ITS ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   PILÉFACE Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
114 Levin & Evans 1995 ALICE-chan: A case study in ICALL theory and practice Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   ALICE-chan Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
115 Lombardi 2012 From the curtain to the Façade: Enhancing ESL/EFL learners’ communicative competence through an interactive digital drama Journal article Scenario SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Façade Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ interactive digital drama
116 Mazur et al 2011 Proposal for a conversational English tutoring system that encourages user engagement Conference paper ICCE Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Mazur] Reactive Free   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational language tutoring system
117 Menzel et al 2001 Interactive pronunciation training 10.1017/S0958344001000714 Journal article ReCALL CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   ISLE Form-focused Elicited   Technical evaluation   ✔ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pronunciation training environment
118 Meron et al 2007 Improving the authoring of foreign language interactive lessons in the tactical language training system. Conference paper SLaTE SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ interactive lessons
119 Micarelli & Boylan 1997 Conversation rebuilding: from the foreign language classroom to implementation in an intelligent tutoring system Journal article Computers & Education ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Conversation Rebuilding Form-focused Elicited   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ intelligent tutoring system
120 Micarelli & Boylan 1997 Foreign-language tutoring systems today: Old-fashioned teaching with newfangled gadgets Journal article Cognitive Systems ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Conversation Rebuilding Form-focused Elicited   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversation rebuilding
121 Michel & Lehuen 2002 Conception of a language learning environment based on the communicative and actional approaches Conference paper ITS ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Sampras/Virtual Kitchen Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ virtual agent
122 Molla et al 1988 Artificial intelligence in a German adventure game: Spion in PROLOG Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Spion Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ game
123 Morton & Jack 2005 Scenario-based spoken interaction with virtual agents 10.1080/09588220500173344 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ virtual agent
124 Morton & Jack 2010 Speech interactive computer-assisted language learning: a cross-cultural evaluation 10.1080/09588221.2010.493524 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 76   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech interactive CALL
125 Morton et al 2008 Evaluation of a speech interactive CALL system Book chapter SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 52 high school 13-17   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech interactive CALL
126 Morton et al 2011 Attitudes to subtitle duration and the effect on user responses in speech interactive foreign language learning Journal article Journal of Multimedia SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 41 high school 14-15   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
127 Morton et al 2012 Interactive language learning through speech-enabled virtual scenarios Journal article Advances in Human-Computer Interaction SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SPELL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech interactive CALL
128 Mulford 1989 Semantic processing for communicative exercises in foreign-language learning. Journal article Computers and the Humanities ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Foreign Language Adventure Game Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ game
129 Murray 1995 Lessons learned from the Athena language learning project: using natural language processing, graphics, speech processing and interactive video for communication-based language learning Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   LINGO Goal-oriented Contextualized   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ communication-based language learning
130 Nagai et al 2012 Sentence classification with grammatical errors and those out of scope of grammar assumption for dialogue-based CALL systems 10.1007/978-3-642-32790-2_75 Conference paper TSD SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Nagai] Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Technical evaluation 14 jp university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
131 Noh et al 2010 Script-description pair extraction from text documents of english as second language podcast Conference paper CSEDU SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
132 Noh et al 2011 POMY: a conversational virtual environment for language learning in POSTECH Conference paper SIGDIAL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ game
133 Noh et al 2012 An example-based approach to ranking multiple dialog states for flexible dialog management 10.1109/JSTSP.2012.2229692 Journal article IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   POMY Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 40   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue-based CALL
134 Ohtsuki et al 2000 Issues for applying chatter bots to foreign language learning in virtual reality Conference paper IMSA Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Chat Bots Mediator Reactive Free   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatterbot
135 Okamoto & Yano 1994 Development of an Environmental ICAI System for English Conversation Learning Journal article IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   English Conversation Learning Form-focused Form-focused exercises   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue simulation
136 Petersen 2010 Implicit corrective feedback in computer-guided interaction: does mode matter? Dissertation ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Sasha Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 56 mixed high school 15-18   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ computer-guided interaction
137 Powers et al 2008 Language teaching in a mixed reality games environment 10.1145/1389586.1389668 Conference paper PETRA SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   PETA Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational agent
138 Powers et al 2008 PETA - A pedagogical embodied teaching agent 10.1145/1389586.1389658 Conference paper PETRA SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   PETA Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational agent
139 Price (P.) & Rypa 1998 Speech technology and language learning: Some examples from VILTS, the Voice Interactive Language Training System Conference paper AATOLL CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   VILTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ voice-interactive CALL
140 Price (C.) et al 1999 L2tutor: A Mixed-Initiative Dialogue System for Improving Fluency Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   L2tutor Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 13   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
141 Raux & Eskenazi 2004 Using task-oriented spoken dialogue systems for language learning: potential, practical applications and challenges Conference paper INSTIL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Let's Go Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue system
142 Rayner & Tsourakis 2013 Methodological issues in evaluating a spoken CALL game: Can crowdsourcing help us perform controlled experiments? Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 130 mixed mixed laboratory 18+ 1   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken CALL game
143 Rayner et al 2012 CALL-SLT: A Spoken CALL System based on grammar and speech recognition Journal article Linguistic Issues in Language Technology CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 24 A1 mixed laboratory 18+ 1 1   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ spoken CALL system
144 Rayner et al 2014 CALL-SLT lite: A minimal framework for building interactive speech-enabled CALL applications Conference paper WOCCI CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
145 Rayner et al 2015 Supervised learning of response grammars in a spoken CALL system Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
146 Rayner et al 2015 Build your own speech-enabled online CALL course, no experience required Conference paper INTED CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
147 Reeder (K.) & Hart 2001 Edubba: Multimedia software to support academic writing in English Journal article Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Edubba Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ virtual world
148 Reeder (F.) 2000 Could you repeat the question? [FLUENT language learning system] Conference paper AAAI FS ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ intelligent tutoring system
149 Reeder (K.) 2010 Edubba: Real-world writing tasks in a virtual world Book chapter SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Edubba Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ virtual world
150 Rosenthal-von der Putten et al 2016 Robots or agents - Neither helps you more or less during second language acquisition experimental study on the effects of embodiment and type of speech output on evaluation and alignment 10.1007/978-3-319-47665-0_23 Conference paper IVA SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Rosenthal] Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 130 mixed mixed laboratory 18+ 1 1   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✔ artificial tutor
151 Rypa & Price (P.) 1999 VILTS: a tale of two technologies Journal article CALICO Journal CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   VILTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study 5   ✔ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ intelligent tutoring system
152 Rypa 1996 VILTS: The voice interactive language training system Conference paper CALICO CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   VILTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ voice interactive language training system
153 Sagae et al 2011 Conversational agents in language and culture training Book chapter Conversational agents and natural language interaction SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Observational study   ✔ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational agent
154 Sanders & Sanders 1995 History of an AI spy game: Spion Book chapter ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Spion Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ game
155 Sano et al 2011 Dialog strategy in a FonF-based language education system: Relative necessity of a form in a task - Conference paper ICCE SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   JDT Form-focused Elicited   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
156 Schoelles & Hamburger 1996 Teacher-usable exercise design tools Conference paper ITS ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ immersion-style language tutoring
157 Schoelles & Hamburger 1996 Cognitive tools for language pedagogy 10.1080/0958822960090210 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational language learning environment
158 Schoelles & Hamburger 1997 The NLP Role in Animated Conversation for CALL Conference paper ANLP ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FLUENT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 16   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational language learning system
159 Seneff 2006 Interactive computer aids for acquiring proficiency in Mandarin Conference paper ISCSLP SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue system
160 Seneff et al 2004 Spoken conversational interaction for language learning Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue system
161 Seneff et al 2004 Second language acquisition through human computer dialogue 10.1109/CHINSL.2004.1409656 Conference paper ISCSLP SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
162 Seneff et al 2007 Spoken dialogue systems for language learning Conference paper NAACL SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue system
163 Sha 2009 AI-based chatterbots and spoken English teaching: a critical analysis 10.1080/09588220902920284 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Verbot, Jabberwacky, Ultra Hal Reactive   Survey study 15   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatterbot
164 Si et al 2005 THESPIAN: an architecture for interactive pedagogical drama Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ interactive pedagogical drama
165 Stewart & File 2007 Let's Chat: A conversational dialogue system for second language practice 10.1080/09588220701331386 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Let's Chat Narrative Branching   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
166 Strik et al 2009 Developing a CALL System for Practicing Oral Proficiency: How to Design for Speech Technology, Pedagogy and Learners Conference paper SLaTE CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DISCO Form-focused Elicited   Observational study 9   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘
167 Strik et al 2012 The DISCO ASR-based CALL system: practicing L2 oral skills and beyond. Conference paper LREC CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DISCO Form-focused Elicited   Survey study 23 A2 mixed university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ASR-based CALL
168 Su et al 2013 A dialogue game framework with personalized training using reinforcement learning for computer-assisted language learning Conference paper ICASSP CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Su] Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue game
169 Su et al 2013 A recursive dialogue game framework with optimal policy offering personalized computer-assisted language learning - Conference paper INTERSPEECH CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Su] Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue game
170 Su et al 2015 A recursive dialogue game for personalized computer-aided pronunciation training 10.1109/TASLP.2014.2375572 Journal article IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Su] Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Effectiveness study 2 university   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue game
171 Suzuki et al 2014 Controlling switching pause using an AR agent for interactive CALL system Conference paper HCI SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Suzuki] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 10 B1 university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ voice-interactive CALL
172 Sydorenko 2015 The use of computer-delivered structured tasks in pragmatic instruction: An exploratory study Journal article Intercultural Pragmatics ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SimCon Goal-oriented Contextualized   Observational study 33 A2 university 18+   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ computer-delivered structured tasks
173 Tanghe 2009 The use of chatterbots in the language classroom Journal article STEM Journal Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Review 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatterbot
174 Tsourakis et al 2014 Formative feedback in an interactive spoken CALL system Conference paper WOCCI CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CALL-SLT Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Survey study 39 mixed de high school 13-17 4   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ interactive spoken CALL
175 Underwood 1982 Simulated conversation as a CAI strategy Journal article Foreign Language Annals ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   FAMILIA Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ simulated conversation
176 Vlugter & Knott 2006 A multi-speaker dialogue system for computer-aided language learning Conference paper SemDial ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system for CALL
177 Vlugter et al 2004 A human-machine dialogue system for CALL Conference paper InSTIL/ICALL ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system for CALL
178 Vlugter et al 2006 Error correction using utterance disambiguation techniques Conference paper ALTW ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ CALL dialogue
179 Vlugter et al 2009 Dialogue-based CALL: a case study on teaching pronouns 10.1080/09588220902778260 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Te Kaitito Goal-oriented Form-constrained   Effectiveness study 108 A1 university 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based CALL
180 Wachowicz & Scott 1999 Software that listens: it's not a question of whether, it's a question of how Journal article CALICO Journal ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TraciTalk Form-focused Elicited   Review   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech interactive CALL
181 Walker et al 2011 Using ASR technology in language training for specific purposes: a perspective from Quebec, Canada Journal article CALICO Journal CAPT   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Virtual Language Patient Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Effectiveness study 5   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ simulated dialogue
182 Wang (N.) & Johnson 2008 The politeness effect in an intelligent foreign language tutoring system Conference paper ITS SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   TLCTS Form-focused Meaning-constrained   Effectiveness study 61   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pedagogical agent
183 Wang (Y.F.) & Petrina 2013 Using learning analytics to understand the design of an intelligent language tutor - Chatbot Lucy 10.14569/IJACSA.2013.041117 Journal article International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Lucy Reactive Free   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
184 Wang (C.) & Seneff 2006 High-quality speech-to-speech translation for computer-aided language learning - Journal article ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
185 Wang (C.) & Seneff 2007 A spoken translation game for second language learning Conference paper AIED SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Let's Translate Form-focused Form-focused exercises   Survey study 12 mixed mixed laboratory 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken translation game
186 Wang (C.C.) et al 2007 Task-based learning through dialogue management Conference paper ICCE SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Wang] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue system
187 Wang (Y.F.) et al 2017 VILLAGE-Virtual Immersive Language Learning and Gaming Environment: Immersion and presence: Virtual immersive language learning and gaming environment 10.1111/bjet.12388 Journal article British Journal of Educational Technology Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   VILLAGE Goal-oriented Contextualized   Survey study 80 mixed language school 18+   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ virtual world
188 Wik & Hjalmarsson 2009 Embodied conversational agents in computer assisted language learning 10.1016/j.specom.2009.05.006 Journal article Speech Communication SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ embodied conversational agent
189 Wik 2011 The virtual language teacher: Models and applications for language learning using embodied conversational agents Dissertation SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   DEAL Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ embodied conversational agent
190 Williams & van Compernolle 2009 The chatbot as a peer/tool for learners of French Book chapter Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Aghate Reactive Free   Observational study 104   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
191 Wilske & Wolska 2008 Role-plays for CALL: System architecture and resources Conference paper ICL ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Wilske1] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue game
192 Wilske & Wolska 2011 Meaning versus form in computer-assisted task-based language learning: a case study on the German dative Journal article Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 30   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue-based CALL
193 Wilske 2014 Form and meaning in dialog-based computer-assisted language learning Dissertation ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 33   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue-based CALL
194 Wolska & Wilske 2010 Form-focused task-oriented dialogues for computer assisted language learning: A pilot study on german dative Conference paper INTERSPEECH ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 22   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue system
195 Wolska & Wilske 2010 German subordinate clause word order in dialogue-based CALL Conference paper IMCSIT ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 15   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue-based CALL
196 Wolska & Wilske 2011 Assessing the effect of type-written form-focused dialogues on spoken language fluency Conference paper SLaTE ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Wilske2] Goal-oriented Contextualized   Effectiveness study 13   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘   ✔ dialogue system
197 Wu (H.C.) & Seneff 2007 Reducing recognition error rate based on context relationships among dialogue turns - Conference paper INTERSPEECH SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue system
198 Xu & Seneff 2012 Improving nonnative speech understanding using context and N-best meaning fusion 10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6289037 Conference paper ICASSP   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation zh   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue game
199 Xu 2012 Language technologies in speech-enabled second language learning games: From reading to dialogue Dissertation SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation 12   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ speech-enabled language learning game
200 Yamada et al 2013 C4 (C quad): Development of the application for language learning based on social and cognitive presences Conference paper EUROCALL Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Mondo Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chatbot
201 Yamasaki et al 2012 Multimodal corpus of multi-party conversations in second language Conference paper LREC SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   0   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ dialogue-based tutoring system
202 Yang & Zapata-Rivera 2010 Interlanguage pragmatics with a pedagogical agent: the request game 10.1080/09588221.2010.520274 Journal article Computer Assisted Language Learning ICALL   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Request game Goal-oriented Contextualized   Observational study 15   ✔ ✔   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ pedagogical agent
203 Ye & Young 2005 Improving the speech recognition performance of beginners in spoken conversational interaction for language learning - Conference paper ECSCT SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   SCILL Goal-oriented Contextualized   Technical evaluation   ✘ ✔   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ spoken dialogue system
204 Zacharski 2002 Conversational agents for language learning Conference paper IAAI SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Zacharski] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational agent
205 Zacharski 2003 A discourse system for conversational characters Conference paper CLITP SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   [Zacharski] Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description 0   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ discourse system for conversational characters
206 Zakos & Capper 2008 CLIVE - An artificially intelligent chat robot for conversational language practice Conference paper SETN Chatbots   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   CLIVE Goal-oriented Contextualized   Observational study 10   ✔ ✘   ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ chat robot
207 Zue et al 1996 Multilingual human-computer interactions: from information access to language learning Conference paper ICSLP SDS/CA   ✔ ✔ ✔ en ✔   ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ L2 ✔   ✔ system dialogue task   Language Tutor Goal-oriented Contextualized   System description   ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘   ✘ conversational system